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CUTTING EDGE |



*
Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544;
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U25, Hopital Necker, Paris, France; and
Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd, Gunma, Japan
-Galactosylceramide (
-GalCer) is a glycolipid with potent
antitumor properties that binds to CD1d molecules and activates mouse
V
14 and human V
24 NKT cells. Surprisingly, we found that, as
early as 90 min after
-GalCer injection in vivo, NK cells also
displayed considerable signs of activation, including IFN-
production and CD69 induction. NK activation was not observed in RAG-
or CD1-deficient mice, and it was decreased by pretreatment with
anti-IFN-
Abs, suggesting that, despite its rapid induction, it
was a secondary event that depended on IFN-
release by NKT cells. At
later time points, B cells and CD8 T cells also began to express CD69.
These findings identify a high-speed communication network between the
innate and adaptive immune systems in vivo that is initiated upon NKT
cell activation. They also suggest that the antitumor effects of
-GalCer result from the sequential recruitment of distinct
innate and adaptive effector lymphocytes.
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