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*Rotavirus Infections
The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 163: 4442-4452.
Copyright © 1999 by The American Association of Immunologists

The Epithelial Cell Response to Rotavirus Infection1

Ellen E. Rollo*, K. Prasanna Kumar{dagger}, Nancy C. Reich{dagger}, Jean Cohen{ddagger}, Juana Angel2, Harry B. Greenberg§, Riten Sheth*, Joseph Anderson*, Brian Oh*, Scott J. Hempson*, Erich R. Mackow* and Robert D. Shaw3,*

* Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768; {dagger} Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794; {ddagger} Laboratoire de Virologie et d’Immunologie Moleculaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, C. R. J. Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France; and § Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305

Rotavirus is the most important worldwide cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Intestinal epithelial cells are the principal targets of rotavirus infection, but the response of enterocytes to rotavirus infection is largely unknown. We determined that rotavirus infection of HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells results in prompt activation of NF-{kappa}B (<2 h), STAT1, and ISG F3 (3 h). Genetically inactivated rotavirus and virus-like particles assembled from baculovirus-expressed viral proteins also activated NF-{kappa}B. Rotavirus infection of HT-29 cells induced mRNA for several C-C and C-X-C chemokines as well as IFNs and GM-CSF. Mice infected with simian rotavirus or murine rotavirus responded similarly with the enhanced expression of a profile of C-C and C-X-C chemokines. The rotavirus-stimulated increase in chemokine mRNA was undiminished in mice lacking mast cells or lymphocytes. Rotavirus induced chemokines only in mice <15 days of age despite documented infection in older mice. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1ß and IFN-stimulated protein 10 mRNA responses occurred, but were reduced in p50-/- mice. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1ß expression during rotavirus infection localized to the intestinal epithelial cell in murine intestine. These results show that the intestinal epithelial cell is an active component of the host response to rotavirus infection.




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