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*
Department of Immunology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom;
Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
Institute of Cell Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
B cells convert what are normally conditions for Th1
differentiation into an environment suitable for Th2 development. This
capacity is dependent on CD40 as B cells from CD40-/-
mice do not elicit Th2 differentiation. To elucidate the basis of this
effect, we surveyed cytokine RNA made by naive B cells after activation
with anti-Ig and anti-CD40. Resting B cells make TGF-ß
message only, however, 4 days after activation, RNA encoding IL-6,
IL-10, and TNF-
was found. The expression of these messages was
accelerated by 2 days in the presence of IL-12. The relevance of these
observations to T cell differentiation was investigated: addition of
OVA peptide to splenic cells from DO.11.10 transgenic mice causes most
T cells to make IFN-
. Coactivation of B cells in these cultures
reduces the number of IFN-
-producing T cells and increases the
number synthesizing IL-4. Abs to IL-6 and IL-10 block the IL-4
enhancement. Dissection of the component APC demonstrated that
interaction of B cells with IL-12-producing dendritic cells is crucial
for B cell-mediated IL-4 enhancement: Thus, B cells preactivated in the
presence of dendritic cells from IL-12-/- mice show
little IL-4-inducing activity when used to activate T cells. This
immune regulation is initiated by IL-12 and therefore represents a
feedback loop to temper its own dominant effect (IFN-
induction).
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