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*
Metabolism Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, and
Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is the causative agent
of an inflammatory neurological disease termed HTLV-I-associated
myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). An ongoing
lymphocyte activation exists in patients with HAM/TSP, which was
demonstrated by the spontaneous proliferation of their PBMC ex vivo. It
was shown that spontaneous proliferation present in HAM/TSP is due, in
part, to an IL-2/IL-2R autocrine loop. However, addition of Abs against
IL-2 or IL-2R
only partially inhibited the spontaneous
proliferation. Since IL-15 is a cytokine with similar functional
characteristics to those of IL-2, we reasoned that IL-15 might be an
additional growth factor that contributes to the spontaneous
proliferation observed in HAM/TSP. In this study, we demonstrated that
IL-15 mRNA expression was elevated in PBMC obtained from HAM/TSP
patients when compared with those of the normal donors. Furthermore, we
showed that the addition of blocking Abs against IL-15 or its receptor
inhibited the spontaneous proliferation of HAM/TSP PBMC. Addition of
Abs directed toward both IL-15 and IL-2, or their receptors, inhibited
the proliferation almost completely. These data suggest the existence
of two autocrine loops involving IL-15/IL-15R and IL-2/IL-2R, both
contributing to the spontaneous proliferation of HAM/TSP
PBMC.
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