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Characterization of an Avian (Gallus gallus domesticus) TCR Gene Locus¹

Takayuki Kubota^2,*, Jin-yi Wang^*, Thomas W. F. Göbel^3,||, Richard D. Hockett^4,§, Max D. Cooper^*,,,¶ and Chen-lo H. Chen^5,*,

Division of Developmental and Clinical Immunology, Departments of ^* Medicine, Pediatrics, Microbiology, and ^§ Pathology, and the ^¶ Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294; and ^|| Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland

Mammalian TCR genes are located in the midst of the TCR gene locus. In the chicken, one large V gene family, two D gene segments, two J gene segments, and one C gene have been identified. The TCR genes were deleted on both alleles in ß T cell lines, thereby indicating conservation of the combined TCR locus in birds. V and V gene segments were found to rearrange with one, both or neither of the D segments and either of the two J segments. Exonuclease activity, P-addition, and N-addition during VDJ rearrangement contributed to TCR repertoire diversification in the first embryonic wave of T cells. An unbiased V1 repertoire was observed at all ages, but an acquired J1 usage bias occurred in the TCR repertoire. The unrestricted combinatorial diversity of relatively complex TCR and loci may contribute to the remarkable abundance of T cells in this avian representative.

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