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*
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136;
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201;
Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland; and
§
Department of Biosystems Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Japan
Unlike all other vertebrates examined to date, there is only one
detectable class I locus in the Xenopus MHC. On the
bases of a nearly ubiquitous and high tissue expression, extensive
polymorphism, and MHC linkage, this gene is of the classical or class
Ia type. Sequencing analysis of class Ia cDNAs encoded by eight defined
MHC haplotypes reveals two very old allelic lineages that perhaps
emerged when humans and mice diverged from a common ancestor up to 100
million years ago. The unprecedented age of these lineages suggests
that different class Ia genes from ancestors of the laboratory model
Xenopus laevis are now expressed as alleles in this
species. The lineages are best defined by their cytoplasmic and 
2
peptide-binding domains, and there are highly diverse alleles (defined
by the 1 peptide-binding domain) in each lineage. Surprisingly, the
3 domains are homogenized in both lineages, suggesting that
interallelic gene conversion/recombination maintains the high sequence
similarity.
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