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*
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455;
SAIC-Frederick and the Laboratory of Leukocyte Biology, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702;
Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033; and
§
Telethon Institute of gene therapy-H. San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
Induction and maintenance of Ag-specific tolerance are pivotal for immune homeostasis, prevention of autoimmune disorders, and the goal of transplantation. Recent studies suggest that certain cytokines, notably IL-10 and TGF-ß, may play a role in down-regulating immune functions. To further examine the role of cytokines in Ag-specific hyporesponsiveness, murine CD4+ T cells were exposed ex vivo to alloantigen-bearing stimulators in the presence of exogenous IL-10 and/or TGF-ß. Primary but not secondary alloantigen proliferative responses were inhibited by IL-10 alone. However, the combined addition of IL-10 + TGF-ß markedly induced alloantigen hyporesponsiveness in both primary and secondary MLR cultures. Alloantigen-specific hyporesponsiveness was observed also under conditions in which nominal Ag responses were intact. In adoptive transfer experiments, IL-10 + TGF-ß-treated CD4+ T cells, but not T cells treated with either cytokine alone, were markedly impaired in inducing graft-vs-host disease alloresponses to MHC class II disparate recipients. These data provide the first formal evidence that IL-10 and TGF-ß have at least an additive effect in inducing alloantigen-specific tolerance, and that in vitro cytokines can be exploited to suppress CD4+ T cell-mediated Ag-specific responses in vivo.
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