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Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas/Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
The trafficking of lymphocyte populations is a complex process
controlled by a vast array of molecules. In this process, cells must be
able to sense small changes in chemoattractant gradients. Migration
through a chemotactic gradient probably employs an on-off mechanism in
which chemokine receptor desensitization, internalization, and
recycling may be important steps. This multistep process requires the
coordinated action of many factors, including G protein-coupled
receptor kinases, arrestins, clathrin, and GTP-hydrolyzing proteins
such as dynamin. In this report, we show that RANTES and its
derivative, aminooxypentane (AOP)-RANTES, a potent RANTES antagonist as
well as an inhibitor of HIV-1 infection, both promote CCR5
desensitization involving G protein-coupled receptor kinases-2 and
ß-arrestin equally well. An important difference between the two
molecules is that (AOP)-RANTES is more efficient than RANTES in
promoting Ser/Thr phosphorylation of the receptor and association of G
protein-coupled receptor kinases-2, ß-arrestin, and clathrin to the
CCR5. After stimulation with either ligand, we observe rapid, transient
association of dynamin to CCR5, implicating this protein in receptor
sensitization, but this association is faster and longer-lasting
following (AOP)-RANTES stimulation. In summary, we show that chemokine
receptor internalization takes place through the formation of clathrin
vesicles and involves dynamin activity. We provide compelling evidence
that the differences between RANTES and (AOP)-RANTES in
G
i activation condition subsequent signaling events,
including internalization and receptor
recycling.
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