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CUTTING EDGE |
-Galactosylceramide Directs Conventional T Cells to the Acquisition of a Th2 Phenotype
*
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232;
Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Kirin Brewery Co, Ltd., Takasaki-shi, Gunma, Japan; and
Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121
NK T cells recognize glycolipid Ags such as
-galactosylceramide (-GalCer) presented by the MHC class I-like
molecule CD1d. In this paper we have studied the in vivo effects of
-GalCer on the generation of adaptive immune responses. Treatment of
mice with -GalCer resulted in rapid activation of NK T cells and
production of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-
. However, after this
initial stimulation, NK T cells became polarized for the production of
IL-4. Further, as soon as 6 days after -GalCer injection, a marked
increase in serum IgE levels was observed. Administration of -GalCer
at the time of priming of mice with protein Ag resulted in the
generation of Ag-specific Th2 cells and a profound increase in the
production of IgE. Collectively, these findings indicate that
-GalCer may be useful for modulating immune responses toward a Th2
phenotype during prophylaxis and therapy.
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