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*
Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia;
University of Liège, Liège, Belgium;
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;
§
Pasteur Institute of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium;
¶
Projecto de Saude de Bandim, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau and Danish Epidemiology Science Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
Data obtained in animals indicate that neonatal immune responses are biased toward Th2. This could reduce the efficacy of vaccines against viral and mycobacterial diseases. The ability of human newborns to develop a Th1 immune response upon immunization has not been studied. Since the vaccine Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) triggers a Th1-type response in adults, we investigated whether it induces a similar response in newborns and whether age at vaccination influences immunogenicity. We found that BCG vaccination at birth induces a memory Th1-type response of similar magnitude to that when given later in life. This study demonstrates that human newborns can be immunized against pathogens controlled by a Th1 immune response.
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 I. Kristensen, P. Aaby, H. Jensen, and P. Fine Routine vaccinations and child survival: follow up study in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa Commentary: an unexpected finding that needs confirmation or rejection BMJ, December 9, 2000; 321(7274): 1435 - 1435. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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