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Dß2 Binds VCAM-1: Evidence for a Binding Interface Between I Domain and VCAM-1


*
ICOS Corp., Bothell, WA 98021; and
Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218
The trafficking of leukocytes through tissues is supported by an
interaction between the ß2 (CD18) integrins CD11a/CD18
(LFA-1) and CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) and their ligand ICAM-1. The most
recently identified and fourth member of the ß2
integrins,
Dß2, selectively binds ICAM-3
and does not appear to bind ICAM-1. We have reported recently that
Dß2 can support eosinophil adhesion to
VCAM-1. Here we demonstrate that expression of
Dß2 in a lymphoid cell that does not
express
4 integrins confers efficient binding to VCAM-1.
In addition, a soluble form of
Dß2 binds
VCAM-1 with greater efficiency relative to ICAM-3. The I domain of
D
contains a binding site for VCAM-1 since recombinant
D I
domain binds specifically to VCAM-1. In addition,
D mAb
that block cellular binding to VCAM-1 bind the
D I
domain. Using VCAM-1 mutants we have determined that the binding site
on VCAM-1 for
Dß2 overlaps with that of
4 integrins. Substitution of VCAM-1 aspartate at
position 40, D40, within the conserved integrin binding site,
diminishes binding to
Dß2 and abrogates
binding to the
D I domain. The corresponding integrin
binding site residue in ICAM-3 is also essential to
Dß2 binding. Finally, we demonstrate that
Dß2 can support lymphoid cell adhesion to
VCAM-1 under flow conditions at levels equivalent to those mediated by
4ß1. These results indicate that VCAM-1
can bind to an I domain and that the binding of
Dß2 to VCAM-1 may contribute to the
trafficking of a subpopulation of leukocytes that express
Dß2.
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