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*
Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., San Diego, CA 92121; and
Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
Molecular analyses of the chemokine fractalkine and its receptor
CX3C-R1 in the rat brain have revealed a striking
polarization: fractalkine is expressed constitutively in neurons and is
up-regulated by TNF-
and IL-1
in astrocytes. Expression of its
specific receptor, CX3C-R1, is restricted to astrocytes and
microglia. We have analyzed the functional correlates of this
expression and demonstrate that fractalkine induces microglial cell
migration and activation. However, the activity of this chemokine on
astrocytes may also be highly relevant in inducing astrocyte-microglia
cell interactions through cytokine/mediator release leading to
microglial activation.
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