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Departments of
*
Pediatrics and
Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235; and
Tularik, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
Stimulation of the type 1 IL-1R (IL-1R1) and the IL-18R by their
cognate ligands induces recruitment of the IL-1R-associated kinase
(IRAK). Activation of IRAK leads in turn to nuclear translocation of
NF-
B, which directs expression of innate and adaptive immune
response genes. To study IRAK function in cytokine
signaling, we generated cells and mice lacking the IRAK protein.
IRAK-deficient fibroblasts show diminished activation of NF-
B when
stimulated with IL-1. Immune effector cells without IRAK exhibit a
defective IFN-
response to costimulation with IL-18. Furthermore,
mice lacking the Irak gene demonstrate an attenuated
response to injected IL-1. Deletion of Irak, however,
does not affect the ability of mice to develop delayed-type
hypersensitivity or clear infection with the intracellular
parasite, Listeria monocytogenes. These results
demonstrate that although IRAK participates in IL-1 and IL-18 signal
transduction, residual cytokine responsiveness operates through an
IRAK-independent pathway.
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