| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
*
Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;
Immunology Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
Department of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Endocrine Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital/McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Defensins are endogenous antimicrobial peptides stored in neutrophil granules. Here we report that a panel of defensins from human, rat, guinea pig, and rabbit neutrophils all have histamine-releasing activity, degranulating rat peritoneal mast cells with EC50 ranging from 70 to 2500 nM, and between 45 and 60% of the total histamine released. The EC50 for defensin-induced histamine secretion correlates with their net basic charge at neutral pH. There is no correlation between histamine release and antimicrobial potency. Degranulation induced by defensins has characteristics similar to those of activation by substance P. The maximum percent histamine release is achieved in <10 s, and it can be markedly inhibited by pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml) and by pretreatment of mast cells with neuraminidase. These properties differ from those for degranulation induced by IgE-dependent Ag stimulation and by the calcium ionophore A23187. GTPase activity, a measure of G protein activation, was induced in a membrane fraction from mast cells following treatment with defensin. Thus, neutrophil defensins are potent mast cell secretagogues that act in a manner similar to substance P and 48/80, through a rapid G protein-dependent response that is mechanistically distinct from Ag/IgE-dependent mast cell activation. Defensins may provide important pathways for communication between neutrophils and mast cells in defenses against microbial agents and in acute inflammatory responses.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  Y. Okuyama-Nishida, N. Akiyama, G. Sugimori, K. Nomura, K. Ogawa, K. J. Homma, K. Sekimizu, M. Tsujimoto, and S. Natori Prevention of Death in Bacterium-Infected Mice by a Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptide, L5, through Activation of Host Immunity Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., June 1, 2009; 53(6): 2510 - 2516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Diamond, N. Beckloff, and L.K. Ryan Host Defense Peptides in the Oral Cavity and the Lung: Similarities and Differences Journal of Dental Research, October 1, 2008; 87(10): 915 - 927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Biragyn, M. Coscia, K. Nagashima, M. Sanford, H. A. Young, and P. Olkhanud Murine {beta}-defensin 2 promotes TLR-4/MyD88-mediated and NF-{kappa}B-dependent atypical death of APCs via activation of TNFR2 J. Leukoc. Biol., April 1, 2008; 83(4): 998 - 1008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. C. Huang, R. L. Redfern, S. Narayanan, R. Y. Reins, and A. M. McDermott In Vitro Activity of Human {beta}-Defensin 2 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Presence of Tear Fluid Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., November 1, 2007; 51(11): 3853 - 3860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Grigat, A. Soruri, U. Forssmann, J. Riggert, and J. Zwirner Chemoattraction of Macrophages, T Lymphocytes, and Mast Cells Is Evolutionarily Conserved within the Human {alpha}-Defensin Family J. Immunol., September 15, 2007; 179(6): 3958 - 3965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Tokita, Y. Uchida, and T. Yamamoto Roles of leukocytosis and cysteinyl leukotriene in polymorphonuclear leukocyte-dependent plasma extravasation J. Leukoc. Biol., December 1, 2006; 80(6): 1308 - 1319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. B. Buck, P. M. Day, C. D. Thompson, J. Lubkowski, W. Lu, D. R. Lowy, and J. T. Schiller Human {alpha}-defensins block papillomavirus infection PNAS, January 31, 2006; 103(5): 1516 - 1521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Varkey and R. Nagaraj Antibacterial Activity of Human Neutrophil Defensin HNP-1 Analogs without Cysteines Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., November 1, 2005; 49(11): 4561 - 4566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Okamoto, T. Tanida, B. Wei, E. Ueta, T. Yamamoto, and T. Osaki Regulation of Fungal Infection by a Combination of Amphotericin B and Peptide 2, a Lactoferrin Peptide That Activates Neutrophils Clin. Vaccine Immunol., November 1, 2004; 11(6): 1111 - 1119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Levy Antimicrobial proteins and peptides: anti-infective molecules of mammalian leukocytes J. Leukoc. Biol., November 1, 2004; 76(5): 909 - 925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Narayanan, W. L. Miller, and A. M. McDermott Expression of Human {beta}-Defensins in Conjunctival Epithelium: Relevance to Dry Eye Disease Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2003; 44(9): 3795 - 3801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. McDermott, R. L. Redfern, B. Zhang, Y. Pei, L. Huang, and R. J. Proske Defensin Expression by the Cornea: Multiple Signalling Pathways Mediate IL-1{beta} Stimulation of hBD-2 Expression by Human Corneal Epithelial Cells Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., May 1, 2003; 44(5): 1859 - 1865. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. A. Muller, J. Markovic-Lipkovski, T. Klatt, J. Gamper, G. Schwarz, H. Beck, M. Deeg, H. Kalbacher, S. Widmann, J. T. Wessels, et al. Human {alpha}-Defensins HNPs-1, -2, and -3 in Renal Cell Carcinoma : Influences on Tumor Cell Proliferation Am. J. Pathol., April 1, 2002; 160(4): 1311 - 1324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Yang, O. Chertov, and J. J. Oppenheim Participation of mammalian defensins and cathelicidins in anti-microbial immunity: receptors and activities of human defensins and cathelicidin (LL-37) J. Leukoc. Biol., May 1, 2001; 69(5): 691 - 697. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Risso Leukocyte antimicrobial peptides: multifunctional effector molecules of innate immunity J. Leukoc. Biol., December 1, 2000; 68(6): 785 - 792. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
