| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080
Human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a signaling receptor that
responds to LPS and activates NF-
B. Here, we investigate further the
events triggered by TLR2 in response to LPS. We show that TLR2
associates with the high-affinity LPS binding protein membrane CD14 to
serve as an LPS receptor complex, and that LPS treatment enhances the
oligomerization of TLR2. Concomitant with receptor oligomerization, the
IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK) is recruited to the TLR2 complex.
Intracellular deletion variants of TLR2 lacking C-terminal 13 or 141 aa
fail to recruit IRAK, which is consistent with the inability of these
mutants to transmit LPS cellular signaling. Moreover, both deletion
mutants could still form complexes with wild-type TLR2 and act in a
dominant-negative (DN) fashion to block TLR2-mediated signal
transduction. DN constructs of myeloid differentiation protein, IRAK,
TNF receptor-associated factor 6, and NF-B-inducing kinase, when
coexpressed with TLR2, abrogate TLR2-mediated NF-B activation. These
results reveal a conserved signaling pathway for TLR2 and IL-1Rs and
suggest a molecular mechanism for the inhibition of TLR2 by DN
variants.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Leendertse, R. J. L. Willems, I. A. J. Giebelen, P. S. van den Pangaart, W. J. Wiersinga, A. F. de Vos, S. Florquin, M. J. M. Bonten, and T. van der Poll TLR2-Dependent MyD88 Signaling Contributes to Early Host Defense in Murine Enterococcus faecium Peritonitis J. Immunol., April 1, 2008; 180(7): 4865 - 4874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Inada, C. Matsumoto, S. Uematsu, S. Akira, and C. Miyaura Membrane-Bound Prostaglandin E Synthase-1-Mediated Prostaglandin E2 Production by Osteoblast Plays a Critical Role in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Bone Loss Associated with Inflammation J. Immunol., August 1, 2006; 177(3): 1879 - 1885. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. A. Richardson, M. Sherman, L. Antonovic, S. S. Kardar, H. W. Strobel, D. Kalman, and E. T. Morgan HEPATIC AND RENAL CYTOCHROME P450 GENE REGULATION DURING CITROBACTER RODENTIUM INFECTION IN WILD-TYPE AND TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 MUTANT MICE Drug Metab. Dispos., March 1, 2006; 34(3): 354 - 360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. W. DePaolo, R. Lathan, B. J. Rollins, and W. J. Karpus The Chemokine CCL2 Is Required for Control of Murine Gastric Salmonella enterica Infection Infect. Immun., October 1, 2005; 73(10): 6514 - 6522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D.R. Dixon and R.P. Darveau Lipopolysaccharide Heterogeneity: Innate Host Responses to Bacterial Modification of Lipid A Structure J. Dent. Res., July 1, 2005; 84(7): 584 - 595. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Tobias and L. K. Curtiss Thematic review series: The Immune System and Atherogenesis. Paying the price for pathogen protection: toll receptors in atherogenesis J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2005; 46(3): 404 - 411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. J. Mason, J. Fiore, T. Kobayashi, K. S. Masek, Y. Choi, and C. A. Hunter TRAF6-Dependent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation Differentially Regulates the Production of Interleukin-12 by Macrophages in Response to Toxoplasma gondii Infect. Immun., October 1, 2004; 72(10): 5662 - 5667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Urlichs and C. P. Speer Neutrophil Function in Preterm and Term Infants NeoReviews, October 1, 2004; 5(10): e417 - e430. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Triantafilou, M. Manukyan, A. Mackie, S. Morath, T. Hartung, H. Heine, and K. Triantafilou Lipoteichoic Acid and Toll-like Receptor 2 Internalization and Targeting to the Golgi Are Lipid Raft-dependent J. Biol. Chem., September 24, 2004; 279(39): 40882 - 40889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. LeBouder, J. E. Rey-Nores, N. K. Rushmere, M. Grigorov, S. D. Lawn, M. Affolter, G. E. Griffin, P. Ferrara, E. J. Schiffrin, B. P. Morgan, et al. Soluble Forms of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)2 Capable of Modulating TLR2 Signaling Are Present in Human Plasma and Breast Milk J. Immunol., December 15, 2003; 171(12): 6680 - 6689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Hertz, Q. Wu, E. M. Porter, Y. J. Zhang, K.-H. Weismuller, P. J. Godowski, T. Ganz, S. H. Randell, and R. L. Modlin Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 on Human Tracheobronchial Epithelial Cells Induces the Antimicrobial Peptide Human {beta} Defensin-2 J. Immunol., December 15, 2003; 171(12): 6820 - 6826. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Haase, C. J. Kirschning, A. Sing, P. Schrottner, K. Fukase, S. Kusumoto, H. Wagner, J. Heesemann, and K. Ruckdeschel A Dominant Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in the Signaling of Apoptosis in Bacteria-Faced Macrophages J. Immunol., October 15, 2003; 171(8): 4294 - 4303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Avitsur, D. A. Padgett, F. S. Dhabhar, J. L. Stark, K. A. Kramer, H. Engler, and J. F. Sheridan Expression of glucocorticoid resistance following social stress requires a second signal J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2003; 74(4): 507 - 513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. J. Crossley Neutrophil activation by fMLP regulates FOXO (forkhead) transcription factors by multiple pathways, one of which includes the binding of FOXO to the survival factor Mcl-1 J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2003; 74(4): 583 - 592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L. Holmes, J. A. Russell, and K. R. Walley Genetic Polymorphisms in Sepsis and Septic Shock: Role in Prognosis and Potential for Therapy Chest, September 1, 2003; 124(3): 1103 - 1115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. S. Van Amersfoort, T. J. C. Van Berkel, and J. Kuiper Receptors, Mediators, and Mechanisms Involved in Bacterial Sepsis and Septic Shock Clin. Microbiol. Rev., July 1, 2003; 16(3): 379 - 414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. S. M. Oude Nijhuis, E. Vellenga, S. M. G. J. Daenen, W. A. Kamps, and E. S. J. M. de Bont Endothelial Cells Are Main Producers of Interleukin 8 through Toll-Like Receptor 2 and 4 Signaling during Bacterial Infection in Leukopenic Cancer Patients Clin. Vaccine Immunol., July 1, 2003; 10(4): 558 - 563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Sieling, W. Chung, B. T. Duong, P. J. Godowski, and R. L. Modlin Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligands as Adjuvants for Human Th1 Responses J. Immunol., January 1, 2003; 170(1): 194 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Caccavo, N. M. Pellegrino, M. Altamura, A. Rigon, L. Amati, A. Amoroso, and E. Jirillo Review: Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory functions of lactoferrin and its potential therapeutic application Innate Immunity, December 1, 2002; 8(6): 403 - 417. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. E. Putnins, A.-R. Sanaie, Q. Wu, and J. D. Firth Induction of Keratinocyte Growth Factor 1 Expression by Lipopolysaccharide Is Regulated by CD-14 and Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Infect. Immun., December 1, 2002; 70(12): 6541 - 6548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Gee, W. Lim, W. Ma, D. Nandan, F. Diaz-Mitoma, M. Kozlowski, and A. Kumar Differential Regulation of CD44 Expression by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNF-{alpha} in Human Monocytic Cells: Distinct Involvement of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase in LPS-Induced CD44 Expression J. Immunol., November 15, 2002; 169(10): 5660 - 5672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Henneke, O. Takeuchi, R. Malley, E. Lien, R. R. Ingalls, M. W. Freeman, T. Mayadas, V. Nizet, S. Akira, D. L. Kasper, et al. Cellular Activation, Phagocytosis, and Bactericidal Activity Against Group B Streptococcus Involve Parallel Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88-Dependent and Independent Signaling Pathways J. Immunol., October 1, 2002; 169(7): 3970 - 3977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. A. Kurt-Jones, L. Mandell, C. Whitney, A. Padgett, K. Gosselin, P. E. Newburger, and R. W. Finberg Role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in neutrophil activation: GM-CSF enhances TLR2 expression and TLR2-mediated interleukin 8 responses in neutrophils Blood, August 13, 2002; 100(5): 1860 - 1868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kim, M.-T. Ochoa, S. R. Krutzik, O. Takeuchi, S. Uematsu, A. J. Legaspi, H. D. Brightbill, D. Holland, W. J. Cunliffe, S. Akira, et al. Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Acne Triggers Inflammatory Cytokine Responses J. Immunol., August 1, 2002; 169(3): 1535 - 1541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B. Mizel and J. A. Snipes Gram-negative Flagellin-induced Self-tolerance Is Associated with a Block in Interleukin-1 Receptor-associated Kinase Release from Toll-like Receptor 5 J. Biol. Chem., June 14, 2002; 277(25): 22414 - 22420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Ruckdeschel, O. Mannel, and P. Schrottner Divergence of Apoptosis-Inducing and Preventing Signals in Bacteria-Faced Macrophages Through Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 and IL-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase Members J. Immunol., May 1, 2002; 168(9): 4601 - 4611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. G. Yipp, G. Andonegui, C. J. Howlett, S. M. Robbins, T. Hartung, M. Ho, and P. Kubes Profound Differences in Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Responses to Lipopolysaccharide Versus Lipoteichoic Acid J. Immunol., May 1, 2002; 168(9): 4650 - 4658. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Hu, R. Jacinto, C. McCall, and L. Li Regulation of IL-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases by Lipopolysaccharide J. Immunol., April 15, 2002; 168(8): 3910 - 3914. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P.-L. Wang and K. Ohura PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE SIGNALING IN GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS-CD14 AND TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS Crit. Rev. Oral. Biol. Med., March 1, 2002; 13(2): 132 - 142. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Vasselon, W. A Hanlon, S. D Wright, and P. A. Detmers Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mediates activation of stress-activated MAP kinase p38 J. Leukoc. Biol., March 1, 2002; 71(3): 503 - 510. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. D. Hawkins, S. T. Ishizaka, P. McGuinness, H. Zhang, W. Gavin, B. DeCosta, Z. Meng, H. Yang, M. Mullarkey, D. W. Young, et al. A Novel Class of Endotoxin Receptor Agonists with Simplified Structure, Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Immunostimulatory Action, and Adjuvant Activity J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., February 1, 2002; 300(2): 655 - 661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Ismaili, J. Rennesson, E. Aksoy, J. Vekemans, B. Vincart, Z. Amraoui, F. Van Laethem, M. Goldman, and P. M. Dubois Monophosphoryl Lipid A Activates Both Human Dendritic Cells and T Cells J. Immunol., January 15, 2002; 168(2): 926 - 932. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kollet, C. Witek, J. D. Gentry, X. Liu, S. D. Schwartzbach, and T. M. Petro Deletional Analysis of the Murine IL-12 p35 Promoter Comparing IFN-{gamma} and Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation J. Immunol., November 15, 2001; 167(10): 5653 - 5663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Silverman and T. Maniatis NF-{kappa}B signaling pathways in mammalian and insect innate immunity Genes & Dev., September 15, 2001; 15(18): 2321 - 2342. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. S. Gilmour, I. Rahman, S. Hayashi, J. C. Hogg, K. Donaldson, and W. MacNee Adenoviral E1A primes alveolar epithelial cells to PM10-induced transcription of interleukin-8 Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, September 1, 2001; 281(3): L598 - L606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Bulut, E. Faure, L. Thomas, O. Equils, and M. Arditi Cooperation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 and 6 for Cellular Activation by Soluble Tuberculosis Factor and Borrelia burgdorferi Outer Surface Protein A Lipoprotein: Role of Toll-Interacting Protein and IL-1 Receptor Signaling Molecules in Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling J. Immunol., July 15, 2001; 167(2): 987 - 994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Moors, L. Li, and S. B. Mizel Activation of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase by Gram-Negative Flagellin Infect. Immun., July 1, 2001; 69(7): 4424 - 4429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Rabehi, T. Irinopoulou, B. Cholley, N. Haeffner-Cavaillon, and M.-P. Carreno Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Do Not Trigger Monocytic Cytokine Production through Similar Intracellular Pathways Infect. Immun., July 1, 2001; 69(7): 4590 - 4599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Liu, Y. Wang, M. Yamakuchi, S. Isowaki, E. Nagata, Y. Kanmura, I. Kitajima, and I. Maruyama Upregulation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 Gene Expression in Macrophage Response to Peptidoglycan and High Concentration of Lipopolysaccharide Is Involved in NF-{kappa}B Activation Infect. Immun., May 1, 2001; 69(5): 2788 - 2796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Dreskin, G. W. Thomas, S. N. Dale, and L. E. Heasley Isoforms of Jun Kinase Are Differentially Expressed and Activated in Human Monocyte/Macrophage (THP-1) Cells J. Immunol., May 1, 2001; 166(9): 5646 - 5653. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Lehner, S. Morath, K. S. Michelsen, R. R. Schumann, and T. Hartung Induction of Cross-Tolerance by Lipopolysaccharide and Highly Purified Lipoteichoic Acid Via Different Toll-Like Receptors Independent of Paracrine Mediators J. Immunol., April 15, 2001; 166(8): 5161 - 5167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Wang, R. Dziarski, C. J. Kirschning, M. Muzio, and D. Gupta Micrococci and Peptidoglycan Activate TLR2{right-arrow}MyD88{right-arrow}IRAK{right-arrow}TRAF{right-arrow}NIK{right-arrow}IKK{right-arrow}NF-{kappa}B Signal Transduction Pathway That Induces Transcription of Interleukin-8 Infect. Immun., April 1, 2001; 69(4): 2270 - 2276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Kyriakis and J. Avruch Mammalian Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by Stress and Inflammation Physiol Rev, April 1, 2001; 81(2): 807 - 869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kikuchi, T. Matsuguchi, N. Tsuboi, A. Mitani, S. Tanaka, M. Matsuoka, G. Yamamoto, T. Hishikawa, T. Noguchi, and Y. Yoshikai Gene Expression of Osteoclast Differentiation Factor Is Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mouse Osteoblasts Via Toll-Like Receptors J. Immunol., March 1, 2001; 166(5): 3574 - 3579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Hertz, S. M. Kiertscher, P. J. Godowski, D. A. Bouis, M. V. Norgard, M. D. Roth, and R. L. Modlin Microbial Lipopeptides Stimulate Dendritic Cell Maturation Via Toll-Like Receptor 2 J. Immunol., February 15, 2001; 166(4): 2444 - 2450. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.-Y. Perera, T. N. Mayadas, O. Takeuchi, S. Akira, M. Zaks-Zilberman, S. M. Goyert, and S. N. Vogel CD11b/CD18 Acts in Concert with CD14 and Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 4 to Elicit Full Lipopolysaccharide and Taxol-Inducible Gene Expression J. Immunol., January 1, 2001; 166(1): 574 - 581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. H. Wyllie, E. Kiss-Toth, A. Visintin, S. C. Smith, S. Boussouf, D. M. Segal, G. W. Duff, and S. K. Dower Evidence for an Accessory Protein Function for Toll-Like Receptor 1 in Anti-Bacterial Responses J. Immunol., December 15, 2000; 165(12): 7125 - 7132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hua Yang, J. M. Daun, J. R. Rose, W. J. Christ, F. Gusovsky, and J. C. Chow Examination of chlorpromazine and other amphipathic drugs on the activity of lipopolysaccharide antagonists, E5564 and E5531 Innate Immunity, December 1, 2000; 6(6): 447 - 452. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Cario and D. K. Podolsky Differential Alteration in Intestinal Epithelial Cell Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Infect. Immun., December 1, 2000; 68(12): 7010 - 7017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. I. Tapping, S. Akashi, K. Miyake, P. J. Godowski, and P. S. Tobias Toll-Like Receptor 4, But Not Toll-Like Receptor 2, Is a Signaling Receptor for Escherichia and Salmonella Lipopolysaccharides J. Immunol., November 15, 2000; 165(10): 5780 - 5787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Monick, A. B. Carter, D. M. Flaherty, M. W. Peterson, and G. W. Hunninghake Protein Kinase C {zeta} Plays a Central Role in Activation of the p42/44 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase by Endotoxin in Alveolar Macrophages J. Immunol., October 15, 2000; 165(8): 4632 - 4639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Thoma-Uszynski, S. M. Kiertscher, M. T. Ochoa, D. A. Bouis, M. V. Norgard, K. Miyake, P. J. Godowski, M. D. Roth, and R. L. Modlin Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 on Human Dendritic Cells Triggers Induction of IL-12, But Not IL-10 J. Immunol., October 1, 2000; 165(7): 3804 - 3810. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Ardeshna, A. R. Pizzey, S. Devereux, and A. Khwaja The PI3 kinase, p38 SAP kinase, and NF-kappa B signal transduction pathways are involved in the survival and maturation of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells Blood, August 1, 2000; 96(3): 1039 - 1046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hirschfeld, Y. Ma, J. H. Weis, S. N. Vogel, and J. J. Weis Cutting Edge: Repurification of Lipopolysaccharide Eliminates Signaling Through Both Human and Murine Toll-Like Receptor 2 J. Immunol., July 15, 2000; 165(2): 618 - 622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Tabeta, K. Yamazaki, S. Akashi, K. Miyake, H. Kumada, T. Umemoto, and H. Yoshie Toll-Like Receptors Confer Responsiveness to Lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis in Human Gingival Fibroblasts Infect. Immun., June 1, 2000; 68(6): 3731 - 3735. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Caradonna, L. Amati, T. Magrone, N.M. Pellegrino, E. Jirillo, and D. Caccavo Invited review: Enteric bacteria, lipopolysaccharides and related cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease: biological and clinical significance Innate Immunity, June 1, 2000; 6(3): 205 - 214. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Medvedev, K. M. Kopydlowski, and S. N. Vogel Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Signal Transduction in Endotoxin-Tolerized Mouse Macrophages: Dysregulation of Cytokine, Chemokine, and Toll-Like Receptor 2 and 4 Gene Expression J. Immunol., June 1, 2000; 164(11): 5564 - 5574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Scholz, K. Cartledge, and A. R. Dunn Hck Enhances the Adherence of Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Macrophages via Cbl and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase J. Biol. Chem., May 5, 2000; 275(19): 14615 - 14623. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Thomas, R. L. Modlin, H. D. Brightbill, and P. J. Godowski Toll Genes and Responsiveness to Bacterial Endotoxins N. Engl. J. Med., March 2, 2000; 342(9): 664 - 665. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. K. Means, E. Lien, A. Yoshimura, S. Wang, D. T. Golenbock, and M. J. Fenton The CD14 Ligands Lipoarabinomannan and Lipopolysaccharide Differ in Their Requirement for Toll-Like Receptors J. Immunol., December 15, 1999; 163(12): 6748 - 6755. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. N. Becker, G. Diamond, M. W. Verghese, and S. H. Randell CD14-dependent Lipopolysaccharide-induced beta -Defensin-2 Expression in Human Tracheobronchial Epithelium J. Biol. Chem., September 15, 2000; 275(38): 29731 - 29736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
