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Effect of Anti-B7-1 and Anti-B7-2 mAb on Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease

Atsushi Inoue^*, Chang-Sung Koh^2,*, Masashi Yamazaki^* and Hideo Yagita

^* Third Department of Medicine (Neurology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; and Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

We examined the role of B7-1 and B7-2, costimulatory molecules critical to full activation of T cells, in the development of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD). Treatment with mAbs to B7-1 resulted in significant suppression of the development of this disease both clinically and histologically. In mice treated with these mAbs, the production of TNF- and IFN- in the spleen cells was decreased. The delayed-type hypersensitivity and T cell proliferative response specific for TMEV were decreased by this treatment. In contrast, treatment with Abs to B7-2, resulted in no effect on TMEV-IDD. These data suggest that B7-1 is critically involved in the pathogenesis of TMEV-IDD and that Abs to B7-1 could be a novel therapeutic approach in the clinical treatment of demyelinating diseases such as human multiple sclerosis.

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