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, and T Cell Proliferation to Measles in Immunized Infants1
*
Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305;
Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20867; and
Department of Pediatrics, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA 94301
Measles infection in infants is associated with severe
complications, and secondary infections are attributed to generalized
immunosuppression. Measles binding to its monocyte receptor
down-regulates IL-12 which is expected to diminish Th1-like cytokine
responses, including IFN-
. Whether young infants can be immunized
effectively against measles is an important public health issue. We
evaluated Ag-specific IL-12, IFN-, and T cell responses of infants
at 6 (n = 60), 9 (n = 46), or
12 mo (n = 56) of age and 29 vaccinated adults.
IL-12 and IFN- release by PBMC stimulated with measles Ag increased
significantly after measles immunization in infants. IL-12 and IFN-
concentrations were equivalent in younger and older infants, but IL-12
concentrations were significantly lower in infants than in adults
(p = 0.04). IL-12 production by monocytes was
down-regulated by measles; the addition of recombinant human IL-12
enhanced IFN- production by PBMC stimulated with measles Ag, but
infant T cells released significantly less IFN- than adult T cells
under this condition. Of particular interest, the presence of passive
Abs to measles had no effect on the specific T cell proliferation or
IFN- production after measles stimulation. Cellular immunity to
measles infection and vaccination may be limited in infants compared
with adults as a result of less effective IFN- and IL-12 production
in response to measles Ags. These effects were not exaggerated in
younger infants compared with effects in infants who were immunized at
12 mo. In summary, infant T cells were primed with measles Ag despite
the presence of passive Abs, but their adaptive immune responses were
limited compared with those of adults.
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