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A Novel Approach to Visualize Polyclonal Virus-Specific CD8 T Cells In Vivo¹

Department of Immunology, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Recent technical breakthroughs in generating soluble MHC class I-peptide tetramers now allow the direct visualization of virus-specific CD8 T cells after infection in vivo. However, this technique requires the knowledge of the immunodominant viral epitopes recognized by T cells. Here, we describe an alternative approach to visualize polyclonal virus-specific CD8 T cells in vivo using a simple adoptive transfer system. In our approach, C57BL/6 (Thy1.2) mice were infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, or vaccinia virus to induce virus-specific memory T cells. Tracer T cells (2 x 10⁶) from these virus-immune mice were adoptively transferred into nonirradiated (C57BL/6 x B6.PL-Thy-1^a)F₁ mice. After infection of the F₁-recipient mice with the appropriate virus, the transferred cells expanded vigorously, and on day 8 postinfection 60–80% of total CD8 T cells were of donor T cell origin. Under the same conditions memory CD4 T cells gave rise to at least 10 times less cell numbers than memory CD8 T cells. The transfer system described here not only allows to visualize effector and memory CD8 T cells in vivo but also to isolate them for further in vitro characterization without knowing the epitopes recognized by these Ag-specific CD8 T cells.

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