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Endocytosis of Heparin-Binding Protein (CAP37) Is Essential for the Enhancement of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced TNF- Production in Human Monocytes^{1 ,2}

Michael Heinzelmann^3,*,, Andreas Platz, Hans Flodgaard, Hiram C. Polk, Jr. and Frederick N. Miller^*

^* Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and The Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292; and Health Care Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Novo Allé, Bagsvaerd, Denmark

Heparin-binding protein (HBP), also known as CAP37, is a proteolytically inactive serine protease homologue that is released from activated granulocytes. However, HBP is not a biologically inactive molecule but rather a multifunctional protein with properties that include the enhancement of LPS-induced TNF- production from monocytes. We have previously demonstrated that HBP is internalized in monocytes. In the current study, we hypothesize that HBP is internalized in monocytes via endocytosis, and this internalization is an important mechanism by which HBP enhances LPS-induced TNF- release. Using whole blood from healthy donors and flow cytometry, we found that colchicine (0.1–10 mM), cytochalasin D (1000 µM), NH₄Cl (10–50 mM), and bafilomycin A1 (0.1–3 µM) significantly reduced the affinity of FITC-HBP for CD14-positive monocytes. Using isolated human monocytes and ELISA, we found that colchicine (0.1 mM), cytochalasin D (30 and 300 µM), NH₄Cl (30 mM), and bafilomycin A1 (1 µM) significantly reduced the effect of HBP (10 µg/ml) to enhance LPS (10 ng/ml)-induced TNF- release after 24 h. These findings demonstrate that internalization of HBP in monocytes is essential for the enhancement of LPS-induced TNF- release. Transport of HBP to an activating compartment depends on intact F-actin polymerization and endosomal acidification, an important mechanism for endosomal protein sorting and trafficking.

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