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*
Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129;
Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal Chest Institute Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
Department of Molecular Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340
Recruitment of activated T cells to mucosal surfaces, such as the
airway epithelium, is important in host defense and for the development
of inflammatory diseases at these sites. We therefore asked whether the
CXC chemokines IFN-induced protein of 10 kDa (IP-10), monokine induced
by IFN-
(Mig), and IFN-inducible T-cell
-chemoattractant (I-TAC),
which specifically chemoattract activated T cells by signaling through
the chemokine receptor CXCR3, were inducible in respiratory epithelial
cells. The effects of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-
(Th1-type cytokine), Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13), and
dexamethasone were studied in normal human bronchial epithelial cells
(NHBEC) and in two human respiratory epithelial cell lines, A549 and
BEAS-2B. We found that IFN-
, but not TNF-
or IL-1ß, strongly
induced IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC mRNA accumulation mainly in NHBEC and
that TNF-
and IL-1ß synergized with IFN-
induction in all three
cell types. High levels of IP-10 protein (>800 ng/ml) were detected in
supernatants of IFN-
/TNF-
-stimulated NHBEC. Neither dexamethasone
nor Th2 cytokines modulated IP-10, Mig, or I-TAC expression. Since
IFN-
is up-regulated in tuberculosis (TB), using in situ
hybridization we studied the expression of IP-10 in the airways of TB
patients and found that IP-10 mRNA was expressed in the bronchial
epithelium. In addition, IP-10-positive cells obtained by
bronchoalveolar lavage were significantly increased in TB patients
compared with normal controls. These results show that activated
bronchial epithelium is an important source of IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC,
which may, in pulmonary diseases such as TB (in which IFN-
is highly
expressed) play an important role in the recruitment of
activated T cells.
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K. Kinoshita, G. Tesch, A. Schwarting, R. Maron, A. H. Sharpe, and V. R. Kelley Costimulation by B7-1 and B7-2 Is Required for Autoimmune Disease in MRL-Faslpr Mice J. Immunol., June 1, 2000; 164(11): 6046 - 6056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. M. Mazanet, K. Neote, and C. C. W. Hughes Expression of IFN-Inducible T Cell {alpha} Chemoattractant by Human Endothelial Cells Is Cyclosporin A-Resistant and Promotes T Cell Adhesion: Implications for Cyclosporin A-Resistant Immune Inflammation J. Immunol., May 15, 2000; 164(10): 5383 - 5388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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D. Jones, R. J. Benjamin, A. Shahsafaei, and D. M. Dorfman The chemokine receptor CXCR3 is expressed in a subset of B-cell lymphomas and is a marker of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Blood, January 15, 2000; 95(2): 627 - 632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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N. A. Lee and J. J. Lee The Macroimportance of the Pulmonary Immune Microenvironment Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., September 1, 1999; 21(3): 298 - 302. [Full Text] |
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P. Loetscher, A. Pellegrino, J.-H. Gong, I. Mattioli, M. Loetscher, G. Bardi, M. Baggiolini, and I. Clark-Lewis The Ligands of CXC Chemokine Receptor 3, I-TAC, Mig, and IP10, Are Natural Antagonists for CCR3 J. Biol. Chem., January 26, 2001; 276(5): 2986 - 2991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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