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*
Immune Cell Biology Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889;
The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, MD 20889;
Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
§
Department of Internal Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889
Intracellular signals that mediate differentiation of pluripotent
hemopoietic progenitors to dendritic cells (DC) are largely undefined.
We have previously shown that protein kinase C (PKC) activation (with
phorbol ester (PMA) alone) specifically induces differentiation of
primary human CD34+ hemopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) to
mature DC. We now find that cytokine-driven (granulocyte-macrophage CSF
and TNF-
) CD34+ HPC
DC differentiation is
preferentially blocked by inhibitors of PKC activation. To further
identify intracellular signals and downstream events important in
CD34+ HPC
DC differentiation we have characterized a
human leukemic cell line model of this process. The CD34+
myelomonocytic cell line KG1 differentiates into dendritic-like cells
in response to granulocyte-macrophage CSF plus TNF-
, or PMA (with or
without the calcium ionophore ionomycin, or TNF-
), with different
stimuli mediating different aspects of the process. Phenotypic DC
characteristics of KG1 dendritic-like cells include morphology (loosely
adherent cells with long neurite processes), MHC I+/MHC
IIbright/CD83+/CD86+/CD14-
surface Ag expression, and RelB and DC-CK1 gene expression. Functional
DC characteristics include fluid phase macromolecule uptake
(FITC-dextran) and activation of resting T cells. Comparison of KG1 to
the PMA-unresponsive subline KG1a reveals differences in expression of
TNF receptors 1 and 2; PKC isoforms
, ßI, ßII, and µ; and
RelB, suggesting that these components/pathways are important for DC
differentiation. Together, these findings demonstrate that cytokine or
phorbol ester stimulation of KG1 is a model of human CD34+
HPC to DC differentiation and suggest that specific intracellular
signaling pathways mediate specific events in DC lineage
commitment.
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