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Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
Protection against infections with the intracellular bacterium
Chlamydia spp. requires Th1-polarized CD4+ T
cell immunity. In BALB/c mouse lung infections, immediate innate and
nascent Chlamydia-specific immune responses following
intranasal inoculation of Chlamydia psittaci strain B577
were modulated by 7-day i.p. administration of murine rIL-12, the
initiation cytokine for Th1 immunity. Treatment with IL-12 reduced the
severity of chlamydial pneumonia, abolished mortality (37.5% in
untreated mice), and significantly reduced numbers of chlamydial
organisms in lungs. On day 4 after inoculation, the
neutrophil:macrophage ratio in bronchointerstitial pneumonias was 1.96
in untreated mice and 0.51 in IL-12-treated mice. This immediate,
IL-12-mediated shift in innate inflammatory phenotype was correlated
with a significant reduction of lung concentrations of the neutrophil
chemoattractant macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 (putative
murine homologue of human IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and
TNF-
; and a reduction in MIP-1
and IFN-
, at high-dose
infection only, and IL-12-independent IL-10 levels.
Chlamydia-specific Ab titers and Ig isotype ratios
indicated an IL-12-dependent Th1 shift. Recall responses of
IL-12-primed mice to secondary chlamydial lung infection eliminated
chlamydiae more effectively and generated a lung cytokine profile
conducive to perpetuation of the Th1 memory population. These data
support the hypothesis that genetic differences in endogenous IL-12
production and response pathways could determine disease outcomes
characterized by poor chlamydial clearance and a purulent inflammatory
infiltrate vs effective elimination of chlamydiae in a
macrophage-dominated response.
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