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The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 162: 1633-1640.
Copyright © 1999 by The American Association of Immunologists

Role of TNF-{alpha} in Pulmonary Host Defense in Murine Invasive Aspergillosis1

Borna Mehrad, Robert M. Strieter and Theodore J. Standiford2

Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a common and devastating complication of immunosuppression, whose incidence has increased dramatically in tandem with the increase in the number of immunocompromised patients. Given the role of TNF-{alpha} in other pulmonary infections, we hypothesized that TNF-{alpha} is an important proximal signal in murine invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Intratracheal challenge with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia in both neutropenic (cyclophosphamide-treated) and nonneutropenic BALB/c mice resulted in the time-dependent increase in lung TNF-{alpha} levels, which correlated with the histologic development of a patchy, peribronchial infiltration of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells. Ab-mediated neutralization of TNF-{alpha} resulted in an increase in mortality in both normal and cyclophosphamide-treated animals, which was associated with increased lung fungal burden as determined by histology and as quantified by chitin content. Depletion of TNF-{alpha} resulted in a reduced lung neutrophil influx in both normal and cyclophosphamide-treated animals, which occurred in association with a decrease in lung levels of the C-X-C chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and the C-C chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1{alpha} and JE. In cyclophosphamide-treated animals, intratracheal administration of a TNF-{alpha} agonist peptide (TNF70–80) 3 days before, but not concomitant with, the administration of Aspergillus conidia resulted in improved survival from 9% in control mice to 55% in TNF70–80-treated animals. These studies indicate that TNF-{alpha} is a critical component of innate immunity in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts, and that pretreatment with a TNF-{alpha} agonist peptide in a compartmentalized fashion can significantly enhance resistance to A. fumigatus in neutropenic animals.




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