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*
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Neonatal Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; and
Loeb Research Institute, Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
Neonatal murine responses to a panel of conventional vaccines
differ qualitatively from adult responses by a particular polarization
toward a Th2 pattern and a frequent limitation of the Th1 and CTL
responses required for protection against intracellular microorganisms.
In contrast, DNA vaccines induce adult-like Th1/CTL neonatal responses
against the same vaccine Ags. In this report, we show that this can be
related to their content in unmethylated CpG motifs.
Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG motifs activate neonatal
APCs to produce IL-12 in vitro and induce adult-like Th1 responses to
tetanus toxoid and measles Ags in vivo, with production of
IgG2a-specific Abs and adult-like secretion of IFN-
and IL-5 by
Ag-specific T cells. However, in spite of their capacity to trigger
neonatal B cell proliferation in vitro, CpG-ODN only partially enhanced
early life Ab responses. Finally, using Th1-driving CpG-ODN with the
boosting dose of a protein vaccine was sufficient to redirect adult but
not neonatally primed Th2 responses. These observations could be
important for the development of novel vaccines that will have to be
effective early in life.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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