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*
Schistosomiasis Immunology and Pathology Unit, Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
Preclinical Research, Genetics Institute, Andover, MA 01810;
Genetics Institute, Cambridge, MA 02140; and
§
The Biomedical Research Institute, Rockville, MD 20852
Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced pulmonary granuloma
formation is a cell-mediated inflammatory response associated with
dominant Th2-type cytokine expression, tissue eosinophilia, and high
levels of serum IgE. In the present study, we show that in vivo
blockade of the Th2 cytokine IL-13, using soluble IL-13R
2-Fc fusion
protein, significantly reduced the size of pulmonary granulomas in
unsensitized as well as egg-sensitized mice. Blocking IL-13 also
significantly reduced total serum IgE levels. Interestingly, however,
IL-13 blockade did not affect the evolving egg-induced Th2-type
cytokine response. IL-4, IL-5, as well as IL-13 responses were
indistinguishable in control-Fc- and soluble IL-13R
2-Fc fusion
protein-treated animals. The smaller granulomas were also
phenotypically like the control Fc-treated mice, displaying a similar
eosinophil content. Additional studies in IL-4-deficient mice
demonstrated that IL-13 was produced, but at much lower levels than in
wild-type mice, while IL-4 expression was completely independent of
IL-13. Moreover, while granuloma formation was partially reduced in
IL-4-deficient mice, blocking IL-13 in these animals almost completely
abrogated granuloma development and the pulmonary eosinophilia, while
it simultaneously increased IFN-
production. Together, these data
demonstrate that IL-13 serves as an important mediator of Th2-mediated
inflammation and plays a role in eliciting IgE responses triggered by
schistosome eggs.
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