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*
Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; and
Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267
The presence of functional T cells is often required for
successful resolution of infections with intracellular pathogens, yet
the mechanisms by which they contribute to elimination of the invading
pathogen in primary and secondary immunity are only partly understood.
We report that increased mortality of naive
/ß TCR+ or
CD4+ T cell-depleted mice infected with the fungus
Histoplasma capsulatum is associated with impairment of
IFN-
production. Upon secondary infection, mice concomitantly
depleted of CD4+ and CD8+ cells exhibit
decreased survival beyond day 25 of rechallenge, whereas elimination of
either T cell subset or B cell deficiency does not result in
accelerated mortality compared with controls. Remarkably, despite a
decrease of H. capsulatum CFU in lungs of
CD4+ plus CD8+-deficient mice, a progressive
increase in spleen CFU is observed. The ability to control fungus
growth in lungs is associated with vigorous TNF-
, but not IFN-
,
production by bronchoalveolar lavage cells. In contrast, spleen cells
from CD4+ plus CD8+-deficient mice are unable
to produce TNF-
. Thus, the cellular and molecular requirements for
protective immunity vary between primary and secondary infection.
Furthermore, in secondary histoplasmosis, a sharp contrast can be drawn
between lungs and spleens in their reliance upon T cells to control
fungal replication. The opposing activities of these organs can be
ascribed in part to differential production of
TNF-
.
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