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University Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
DO11.10 transgenic mice, expressing an OVA-specific TCR, were used
to study pulmonary T cell responses to inhaled Ags. Before OVA
inhalation, the activation of lung parenchymal T cells elicited both
strong proliferative responses and IL-2 production. However, following
Ag inhalation the proliferative responses of the lung T cells, when
restimulated in vitro with OVA323339 peptide or
immobilized anti-CD3, were severely attenuated and associated with
a decrease in the level of production of IL-2 but not IFN-
. Such
immune regulation was tissue-specific, because T cell responses in the
lymph nodes and spleens were normal. This dramatic aerosol-induced
attenuation of parenchymal T cell proliferation was also observed in
BALB/c mice immunized with OVA and in BALB/c mice following adoptive
transfer of DO11.10 T cells bearing either a Th1 or Th2 phenotype. In
mice that had received Th2 cells, the reduced proliferative responses
were associated with a decrease in IL-2 expression but augmented IL-4
and IL-5 production. Invariably, the inhibition of proliferation was a
consequence of the action of F4/80+ interstitial
macrophages and did not involve alveolar macrophages or their products.
These observations demonstrate that clonal expansion of T cells in the
lung compartment is prevented following the onset of either Th1- or
Th2-mediated inflammation. This form of immune regulation, which
appears as a selective defect in IL-2-driven proliferation, may serve
to prevent the development of chronic pulmonary lymphoproliferative
responses.
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