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Class I MHC Molecule-Mediated Inhibition of Sindbis Virus Replication¹

Young S. Hahn^*,, Angelo Guanzon^*, Charles M. Rice^§ and Chang S. Hahn^2,*,

^* Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research and Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and ^§ Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110

The threshold for systemic viral infection relies on the amplification of virus at a primary infection site. We have identified that class I MHC molecules can trigger the inhibition of replication of Sindbis virus in a haplotype- and allele-specific manner. Class I MHC molecules of H-2^d haplotypes exhibit a strong inhibitory effect whereas H-2^k haplotypes show minimal inhibition of Sindbis viral replication. By a single gene transfection of H-2^d class I MHC molecules, into cells that express class I MHC molecules of H-2^k haplotype and are susceptible to viral replication, these cells became resistant to viral replication. The inhibition of viral replication by class I MHC molecules occurs neither during the stage of virus entry/endocytosis nor during virus maturation. Rather, viral-specific RNA replication, as well as viral gene expression, are inhibited in cells expressing inhibitory class I MHC molecules. This class I MHC molecule-mediated inhibition requires newly synthesized host gene products, implying the activation of an intracellular signaling mechanism that is triggered by specific class I MHC molecules.

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