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*
Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga, 849, Japan; and
Amgen Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
CD28 provides a critical costimulatory signal in Ag-specific T cell
activation. Recent studies have revealed an important role for CD28 in
the development of autoimmune diseases. We have examined the role of
CD28 in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) by inducing CIA in
CD28-deficient DBA/1 mice. CD28-deficient mice never developed
arthritis and showed markedly decreased levels of IgG and IgM
anti-type II collagen (CII) Abs. In addition, the
CD28+/- mice had similar levels of IgG1 and IgG2a
anti-CII Abs, whereas in the CD28-deficient mice the level of IgG1
anti-CII Abs was decreased compared with that of IgG2a. IFN-
production by lymph node cells in response to CII was also reduced.
CD28-deficient mice were either immunized four times with CII in CFA to
augment Ag loading or given low doses of IL-12 to enhance Th1 type
responses. Both treatments resulted in a very low incidence of CIA
development and minimal disease. CD28-deficient mice developed
arthritis from injection of lymph node cells from CII-immunized
wild-type mice, followed by immunization with CII in CFA. Taken
together, these results indicate that costimulation of CD28 cannot be
replaced by repeated activation through TCR or other costimulatory
molecules. Thus, CD28 plays a critical role in both cellular and
humoral immunity against CII and is indispensable for the development
of CIA.
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