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1




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Immunobiology Program, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
The effects of glycoinositolphospholipid (GIPL), from the
pathogenic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, and its isolated
glycan and lipid (dihydroceramide) components, were investigated in
J774 cells and primary macrophages. Isolated GIPL ceramide, but not
intact GIPL or its glycan, induced intense fluid phase endocytosis when
added exogenously. In the presence of the cytokine IFN-
, GIPL
ceramide induced marked apoptosis in J774 cells and macrophages,
independent of nitric oxide secretion. When cells were preincubated
with the GIPL-derived glycan chain, addition of intact GIPL induced
macrophage apoptosis in the presence of IFN-
. Synthetic
C2-dihydroceramide also induced
apoptosis in the presence of IFN-
. Induction of apoptosis in
T. cruzi-infected macrophages by GIPL ceramide plus
IFN-
led to increased parasite release compared with IFN-
treatment alone. Viable parasites released comprised both infective
trypomastigote and spheromastigote forms. These results identify a
novel pathway by which T. cruzi
glycosylphosphatidylinositol family molecules affect host macrophages,
with implications for the infectious process.
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