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The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 161: 3400-3407.
Copyright © 1998 by The American Association of Immunologists

IL-12 Up-Regulates IL-18 Receptor Expression on T Cells, Th1 Cells, and B Cells: Synergism with IL-18 for IFN-{gamma} Production1

Tomohiro Yoshimoto*,{dagger}, Kiyoshi Takeda{ddagger}, Takashi Tanaka{ddagger}, Kazunobu Ohkusu*, Shin-ichiro Kashiwamura{dagger}, Haruki Okamura{dagger}, Shizuo Akira{ddagger} and Kenji Nakanishi2,*,{dagger}

* Department of Immunology and Medical Zoology, {dagger} Laboratory of Host Defenses, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, and {ddagger} Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan

IL-18 is a product of macrophages and with IL-12 strikingly induces IFN-{gamma} production from T, B, and NK cells. Furthermore, IL-18 and IL-12 synergize for IFN-{gamma} production from Th1 cells, although this combination fails to affect Th2 cells. In this study, we show that IL-12 and IL-18 promptly and synergistically induce T and B cells to develop into IFN-{gamma}-producing cells without engaging their Ag receptors. We also studied the mechanism underlying differences in IL-18 responsiveness between Th1 and Th2 cells. Pretreatment of T or B cells with IL-12 rendered them responsive to IL-18, which induces cell proliferation and IFN-{gamma} production. These IL-12-stimulated cells had both high and low affinity IL-18R and an increased IL-18R mRNA expression. In particular, IL-12-stimulated T cells strongly and continuously expressed IL-18R mRNA. However, when T cells developed into Th1 cells after stimulation with anti-CD3 and IL-12, they lowered this IL-12-induced-IL-18R mRNA expression. Then, such T cells showed a dominant response to anti-CD3 by IFN-{gamma} production when they were subsequently stimulated with anti-CD3 and IL-18. In contrast, Th2 cells did not express IL-18R mRNA and failed to produce IFN-{gamma} in response to anti-CD3 and IL-18, although they produced a substantial amount of IFN-{gamma} in response to anti-CD3 and IL-12. However, when Th1 and Th2 cells were stimulated with anti-CD3, IL-12, and IL-18, only the Th1 cells markedly augmented IFN-{gamma} production in response to IL-18, suggesting that IL-18 responsiveness between Th1 and Th2 cells resulted from their differential expression of IL-18R.




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S Finotto, J Siebler, M Hausding, M Schipp, S Wirtz, S Klein, M Protschka, A Doganci, H A Lehr, C Trautwein, et al.
Severe hepatic injury in interleukin 18 (IL-18) transgenic mice: a key role for IL-18 in regulating hepatocyte apoptosis in vivo
Gut, March 1, 2004; 53(3): 392 - 400.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JEMHome page
T. Sugimoto, Y. Ishikawa, T. Yoshimoto, N. Hayashi, J. Fujimoto, and K. Nakanishi
Interleukin 18 Acts on Memory T Helper Cells Type 1 to Induce Airway Inflammation and Hyperresponsiveness in a Naive Host Mouse
J. Exp. Med., February 17, 2004; 199(4): 535 - 545.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
K. Schroder, P. J. Hertzog, T. Ravasi, and D. A. Hume
Interferon-{gamma}: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions
J. Leukoc. Biol., February 1, 2004; 75(2): 163 - 189.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BloodHome page
A. Kaser, S. Kaser, N. C. Kaneider, B. Enrich, C. J. Wiedermann, and H. Tilg
Interleukin-18 attracts plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC2s) and promotes Th1 induction by DC2s through IL-18 receptor expression
Blood, January 15, 2004; 103(2): 648 - 655.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
R. Gutzmer, K. Langer, S. Mommert, M. Wittmann, A. Kapp, and T. Werfel
Human Dendritic Cells Express the IL-18R and Are Chemoattracted to IL-18
J. Immunol., December 15, 2003; 171(12): 6363 - 6371.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BloodHome page
D. Durali, M.-G. de Goer de Herve, J. Giron-Michel, B. Azzarone, J.-F. Delfraissy, and Y. Taoufik
In human B cells, IL-12 triggers a cascade of molecular events similar to Th1 commitment
Blood, December 1, 2003; 102(12): 4084 - 4089.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
G. Fantuzzi, N. K. Banda, C. Guthridge, A. Vondracek, S.-H. Kim, B. Siegmund, T. Azam, J. A. Sennello, C. A. Dinarello, and W. P. Arend
Generation and characterization of mice transgenic for human IL-18-binding protein isoform a
J. Leukoc. Biol., November 1, 2003; 74(5): 889 - 896.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
T. W. Gobel, K. Schneider, B. Schaerer, I. Mejri, F. Puehler, S. Weigend, P. Staeheli, and B. Kaspers
IL-18 Stimulates the Proliferation and IFN-{gamma} Release of CD4+ T Cells in the Chicken: Conservation of a Th1-Like System in a Nonmammalian Species
J. Immunol., August 15, 2003; 171(4): 1809 - 1815.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Gen. Virol.Home page
M. M. Gherardi, J. C. Ramirez, and M. Esteban
IL-12 and IL-18 act in synergy to clear vaccinia virus infection: involvement of innate and adaptive components of the immune system
J. Gen. Virol., August 1, 2003; 84(8): 1961 - 1972.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
T. Plitz, P. Saint-Mezard, M. Satho, S. Herren, C. Waltzinger, M. de Carvalho Bittencourt, M. H. Kosco-Vilbois, and Y. Chvatchko
IL-18 Binding Protein Protects Against Contact Hypersensitivity
J. Immunol., August 1, 2003; 171(3): 1164 - 1171.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
E.-M. Boneberg and T. Hartung
Febrile Temperatures Attenuate IL-1{beta} Release by Inhibiting Proteolytic Processing of the Proform and Influence Th1/Th2 Balance by Favoring Th2 Cytokines
J. Immunol., July 15, 2003; 171(2): 664 - 668.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BloodHome page
J. H. Bream, R. E. Curiel, C.-R. Yu, C. E. Egwuagu, M. J. Grusby, T. M. Aune, and H. A. Young
IL-4 synergistically enhances both IL-2- and IL-12-induced IFN-{gamma} expression in murine NK cells
Blood, July 1, 2003; 102(1): 207 - 214.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
C. Wu, P. Sakorafas, R. Miller, D. McCarthy, S. Scesney, R. Dixon, and T. Ghayur
IL-18 Receptor {beta}-Induced Changes in the Presentation of IL-18 Binding Sites Affect Ligand Binding and Signal Transduction
J. Immunol., June 1, 2003; 170(11): 5571 - 5577.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
D. Fairweather, S. Yusung, S. Frisancho, M. Barrett, S. Gatewood, R. Steele, and N. R. Rose
IL-12 Receptor {beta}1 and Toll-Like Receptor 4 Increase IL-1{beta}- and IL-18-Associated Myocarditis and Coxsackievirus Replication
J. Immunol., May 1, 2003; 170(9): 4731 - 4737.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
A. Ito, A. Matejuk, C. Hopke, H. Drought, J. Dwyer, A. Zamora, S. Subramanian, A. A. Vandenbark, and H. Offner
Transfer of Severe Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by IL-12- and IL-18-Potentiated T Cells Is Estrogen Sensitive
J. Immunol., May 1, 2003; 170(9): 4802 - 4809.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JEMHome page
T. Yoshimoto, B. Min, T. Sugimoto, N. Hayashi, Y. Ishikawa, Y. Sasaki, H. Hata, K. Takeda, K. Okumura, L. Van Kaer, et al.
Nonredundant Roles for CD1d-restricted Natural Killer T Cells and Conventional CD4+ T Cells in the Induction of Immunoglobulin E Antibodies in Response to Interleukin 18 Treatment of Mice
J. Exp. Med., April 21, 2003; 197(8): 997 - 1005.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
E. Kikawada, D. M. Lenda, and V. R. Kelley
IL-12 Deficiency in MRL-Faslpr Mice Delays Nephritis and Intrarenal IFN-{gamma} Expression, and Diminishes Systemic Pathology
J. Immunol., April 1, 2003; 170(7): 3915 - 3925.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CVIHome page
M. de Fost, R. A. Hartskeerl, M. R. Groenendijk, and T. van der Poll
Interleukin 12 in Part Regulates Gamma Interferon Release in Human Whole Blood Stimulated with Leptospira interrogans
Clin. Vaccine Immunol., March 1, 2003; 10(2): 332 - 335.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
T. Kambayashi, E. Assarsson, A. E. Lukacher, H.-G. Ljunggren, and P. E. Jensen
Memory CD8+ T Cells Provide an Early Source of IFN-{gamma}
J. Immunol., March 1, 2003; 170(5): 2399 - 2408.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
J. A. Gracie, S. E. Robertson, and I. B. McInnes
Interleukin-18
J. Leukoc. Biol., February 1, 2003; 73(2): 213 - 224.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
H. K. Takahashi, T. Morichika, H. Iwagaki, T. Yoshino, R. Tamura, S. Saito, S. Mori, T. Akagi, N. Tanaka, and M. Nishibori
Effect of {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation on Interleukin-18-Induced Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression and Cytokine Production
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., February 1, 2003; 304(2): 634 - 642.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
M. H. Qureshi, A. G. Harmsen, and B. A. Garvy
IL-10 Modulates Host Responses and Lung Damage Induced by Pneumocystis carinii Infection
J. Immunol., January 15, 2003; 170(2): 1002 - 1009.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Virol.Home page
A. M. Harandi, K. Eriksson, and J. Holmgren
A Protective Role of Locally Administered Immunostimulatory CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide in a Mouse Model of Genital Herpes Infection
J. Virol., December 20, 2002; 77(2): 953 - 962.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Gen. Virol.Home page
J. A. Symons, E. Adams, D. C. Tscharke, P. C. Reading, H. Waldmann, and G. L. Smith
The vaccinia virus C12L protein inhibits mouse IL-18 and promotes virus virulence in the murine intranasal model
J. Gen. Virol., November 1, 2002; 83(11): 2833 - 2844.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Virol.Home page
K. Kimura, K. Kakimi, S. Wieland, L. G. Guidotti, and F. V. Chisari
Interleukin-18 Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication in the Livers of Transgenic Mice
J. Virol., October 2, 2002; 76(21): 10702 - 10707.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
D. Dreher, M. Kok, C. Obregon, S. G. Kiama, P. Gehr, and L. P. Nicod
Salmonella virulence factor SipB induces activation and release of IL-18 in human dendritic cells
J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2002; 72(4): 743 - 751.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
A. Morinobu, M. Gadina, W. Strober, R. Visconti, A. Fornace, C. Montagna, G. M. Feldman, R. Nishikomori, and J. J. O'Shea
STAT4 serine phosphorylation is critical for IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production but not for cell proliferation
PNAS, September 17, 2002; 99(19): 12281 - 12286.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
H. Konishi, H. Tsutsui, T. Murakami, S. Yumikura-Futatsugi, K.-i. Yamanaka, M. Tanaka, Y. Iwakura, N. Suzuki, K. Takeda, S. Akira, et al.
IL-18 contributes to the spontaneous development of atopic dermatitis-like inflammatory skin lesion independently of IgE/stat6 under specific pathogen-free conditions
PNAS, August 20, 2002; 99(17): 11340 - 11345.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
A. Ariel, D. Novick, M. Rubinstein, C. A. Dinarello, O. Lider, and R. Hershkoviz
IL-12 and IL-18 induce MAP kinase-dependent adhesion of T cells to extracellular matrix components
J. Leukoc. Biol., July 1, 2002; 72(1): 192 - 198.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
R. B. Smeltz, J. Chen, R. Ehrhardt, and E. M. Shevach
Role of IFN-{gamma} in Th1 Differentiation: IFN-{gamma} Regulates IL-18R{alpha} Expression by Preventing the Negative Effects of IL-4 and by Inducing/Maintaining IL-12 Receptor {beta}2 Expression
J. Immunol., June 15, 2002; 168(12): 6165 - 6172.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int ImmunolHome page
D. Arnold, C. Wasem, P. Juillard, P. Graber, I. Cima, C. Frutschi, S. Herren, S. Jakob, S. Alouani, C. Mueller, et al.
IL-18-independent cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation and IFN-{gamma} production during experimental acute graft-versus-host disease
Int. Immunol., May 1, 2002; 14(5): 503 - 511.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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