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CUTTING EDGE |
*
Department of Immunohaematology and Bloodbank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;
Department of Gastroenterology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
§
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
Celiac disease (CD) is caused by gluten ingestion in susceptible individuals. Tissue transglutaminase (tTG)-specific Abs are characteristic of CD, and increased tTG activity has been observed in the jejunal biopsies of patients. Here we demonstrate that tTG selectively deamidates gluten peptides, which results in strongly enhanced T cell-stimulatory activity. To our knowledge, this is the first example of an enzymatic modification of a food protein that affects T cell recognition. Moreover, these modifications may lead to the amplification of gluten-specific T cell responses in the gut and consequently may be important for the development of CD.
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