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,
*
Division of Developmental and Clinical Immunology; Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Microbiology, and
Pathology; and
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35924
Expression of the surrogate light (
L) chain genes encoding the
VpreB and 
5/14.1 proteins is restricted to B-lineage cells. Pro-B
and pre-B cells produce L chains, but whether both employ these as
cell surface receptor components remains enigmatic. Recombinant human
VpreB protein was used to generate a large panel of monoclonal
anti-VpreB Abs to examine this issue. Native L chain proteins
within pro-B cells as well as those serving as receptor components on
pre-B cells were precipitated by 16 of the 26 anti-VpreB Abs.
Surrogate light chains were easily detected on pre-B cell lines,
whereas these anti-VpreB Abs reacted with pro-B cell lines only
after plasma membrane permeabilization. The subpopulation of normal
bone marrow cells bearing pre-B receptors included large and small
pre-B cells exclusively, although pro-B cells also contained
intracellular VpreB. VpreB proteins were not detected on or within B
cells in bone marrow or the circulation, but a subpopulation of B cells
in germinal centers was found to express the VpreB proteins
intracellularly. Surrogate L chains are thus intermittently produced
during human B-lineage differentiation, while their role as receptor
components appears limited to the pre-B cell
stage.
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