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The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 161: 6433-6438.
Copyright © 1998 by The American Association of Immunologists

Natural Killer Cells from HIV-1+ Patients Produce C-C Chemokines and Inhibit HIV-1 Infection1

Todd A. Fehniger*,{dagger}, Georges Herbein, Haixin Yu*,{dagger}, Michael I. Para{ddagger}, Zale P. Bernstein||, William A. O’Brien and Michael A. Caligiuri2,*,{dagger}

Divisions of * Hematology/Oncology, {dagger} Human Cancer Genetics, and {ddagger} Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, and § Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and || Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263

Human NK cells have been shown to produce cytokines (e.g., IFN-{gamma} and TNF-{alpha}) and the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1{alpha} following stimulation with the combination of two monokines, IL-15 plus IL-12. The C-C chemokines MIP-1{alpha}, MIP-1ß, and RANTES have been identified as the major soluble macrophage-tropic HIV-1-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells, which exert their action at the level of viral entry. Here, we demonstrate that monokine-activated NK cells, isolated from both normal and HIV-1+ donors, produce similar amounts of MIP-1{alpha}, MIP-1ß, and RANTES protein, in vitro. Further, supernatants of monokine-activated NK cells obtained from both normal donors and AIDS patients showed potent (routinely >=90%) suppressive activity against HIV-1 replication in vitro, compared with unstimulated control supernatants. NK cell supernatants inhibited both macrophage-tropic HIV-1NFN-SX and T cell-tropic HIV-1NL4–3 replication in vitro, but not dual-tropic HIV-189.6. Importantly, the C-C chemokines MIP-1{alpha}, MIP-1ß, and RANTES were responsible only for a fraction of the HIV-1-suppressive activity exhibited by NK cell supernatants against macrophage-tropic HIV-1. Collectively these data indicate that NK cells from normal and HIV-1+ donors produce C-C chemokines and other unidentified factors that can inhibit both macrophage- and T cell-tropic HIV-1 replication in vitro. Since NK cells can be expanded in patients with HIV-1, AIDS, and AIDS malignancy in vivo, this cell type may have an important role in the in vivo regulation of HIV-1 infection.




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