|
|
||||||||


Departments of
*
Internal Medicine and
Microbiology, and
Cell Regulation Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
Host recognition and disposal of LPS, an important Gram-negative bacterial signal molecule, may involve intracellular processes. We have therefore analyzed the initial pathways by which LPS, a natural ligand of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored CD14 (CD14-GPI), enters CD14-expressing THP-1 cells and normal human monocytes. Exposure of the cells to hypertonic medium obliterated coated pits and blocked 125I-labeled transferrin internalization, but failed to inhibit CD14-mediated internalization of [3H]LPS monomers or aggregates. Immunogold electron microscope analysis found that CD14-bound LPS moved principally into noncoated structures (mostly tubular invaginations, intracellular tubules, and vacuoles), whereas relatively little moved into coated pits and vesicles. When studied using two-color laser confocal microscopy, internalized Texas Red-LPS and BODIPY-transferrin were found in different locations and failed to overlap completely even after extended incubation. In contrast, in THP-1 cells that expressed CD14 fused to the transmembrane and cytosolic domains of the low-density lipoprotein receptor, a much larger fraction of the cell-associated LPS moved into coated pits and colocalized with intracellular transferrin. These results suggest that CD14 (GPI)-dependent internalization of LPS occurs predominantly via noncoated plasma membrane invaginations that direct LPS into vesicles that are distinct from transferrin-containing early endosomes. A smaller fraction of the LPS enters via coated pits. Aggregation, which greatly increases LPS internalization, accelerates its entry into the nonclathrin-mediated pathway.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
N. J. Nilsen, S. Deininger, U. Nonstad, F. Skjeldal, H. Husebye, D. Rodionov, S. von Aulock, T. Hartung, E. Lien, O. Bakke, et al. Cellular trafficking of lipoteichoic acid and Toll-like receptor 2 in relation to signaling; role of CD14 and CD36 J. Leukoc. Biol., July 1, 2008; 84(1): 280 - 291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Takahashi, T. Shibata, S. Akashi-Takamura, T. Kiyokawa, Y. Wakabayashi, N. Tanimura, T. Kobayashi, F. Matsumoto, R. Fukui, T. Kouro, et al. A protein associated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 (PRAT4A) is required for TLR-dependent immune responses J. Exp. Med., November 26, 2007; 204(12): 2963 - 2976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. M. El-Achkar, X. Huang, Z. Plotkin, R. M. Sandoval, G. J. Rhodes, and P. C. Dagher Sepsis induces changes in the expression and distribution of Toll-like receptor 4 in the rat kidney Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, May 1, 2006; 290(5): F1034 - F1043. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. C. Denlinger, G. Angelini, K. Schell, D. N. Green, A. G. Guadarrama, U. Prabhu, D. B. Coursin, P. J. Bertics, and K. Hogan Detection of Human P2X7 Nucleotide Receptor Polymorphisms by a Novel Monocyte Pore Assay Predictive of Alterations in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokine Production J. Immunol., April 1, 2005; 174(7): 4424 - 4431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Hamann, C. Alexander, C. Stamme, U. Zahringer, and R. R. Schumann Acute-Phase Concentrations of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Binding Protein Inhibit Innate Immune Cell Activation by Different LPS Chemotypes via Different Mechanisms Infect. Immun., January 1, 2005; 73(1): 193 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. S. Damiano, R. M. Newman, and J. C. Reed Multiple Roles of CLAN (Caspase-Associated Recruitment Domain, Leucine-Rich Repeat, and NAIP CIIA HET-E, and TP1-Containing Protein) in the Mammalian Innate Immune Response J. Immunol., November 15, 2004; 173(10): 6338 - 6345. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Dunzendorfer, H.-K. Lee, K. Soldau, and P. S. Tobias TLR4 Is the Signaling but Not the Lipopolysaccharide Uptake Receptor J. Immunol., July 15, 2004; 173(2): 1166 - 1170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J.-H. Lee, L. Del Sorbo, S. Uhlig, G. A. Porro, T. Whitehead, S. Voglis, M. Liu, A. S. Slutsky, and H. Zhang Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Mediates Cellular Cross-Talk between Parenchymal and Immune Cells after Lipopolysaccharide Neutralization J. Immunol., January 1, 2004; 172(1): 608 - 616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Latz, A. Visintin, E. Lien, K. A. Fitzgerald, T. Espevik, and D. T. Golenbock The LPS receptor generates inflammatory signals from the cell surface Innate Immunity, December 1, 2003; 9(6): 375 - 380. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. W. Hornef, B. H. Normark, A. Vandewalle, and S. Normark Intracellular Recognition of Lipopolysaccharide by Toll-like Receptor 4 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells J. Exp. Med., October 20, 2003; 198(8): 1225 - 1235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. A. Thompson, P. S. Tobias, S. Viriyakosol, T. N. Kirkland, and R. L. Kitchens Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding Protein Inhibits Responses to Cell-bound LPS J. Biol. Chem., August 1, 2003; 278(31): 28367 - 28371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Suzuki, T. Hisamatsu, and D. K. Podolsky Gamma Interferon Augments the Intracellular Pathway for Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Recognition in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells through Coordinated Up-Regulation of LPS Uptake and Expression of the Intracellular Toll-Like Receptor 4-MD-2 Complex Infect. Immun., June 1, 2003; 71(6): 3503 - 3511. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L I Holla, D Buckova, A Fassmann, T Halabala, A Vasku, and J Vacha Promoter polymorphisms in the CD14 receptor gene and their potential association with the severity of chronic periodontitis J. Med. Genet., November 1, 2002; 39(11): 844 - 848. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. D. Stuart, H. E. Eustace, T. A. McKee, and T. D. K. Brown A Novel Cell Entry Pathway for a DAF-Using Human Enterovirus Is Dependent on Lipid Rafts J. Virol., August 12, 2002; 76(18): 9307 - 9322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Ross, S. D. Spencer, I. Holcomb, C. Tan, J. Hongo, B. Devaux, L. Rangell, G. A. Keller, P. Schow, R. M. Steeves, et al. Prostate Stem Cell Antigen as Therapy Target: Tissue Expression and in Vivo Efficacy of an Immunoconjugate Cancer Res., May 1, 2002; 62(9): 2546 - 2553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. W. Hornef, T. Frisan, A. Vandewalle, S. Normark, and A. Richter-Dahlfors Toll-like Receptor 4 Resides in the Golgi Apparatus and Colocalizes with Internalized Lipopolysaccharide in Intestinal Epithelial Cells J. Exp. Med., February 25, 2002; 195(5): 559 - 570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. C. Denlinger, P. L. Fisette, J. A. Sommer, J. J. Watters, U. Prabhu, G. R. Dubyak, R. A. Proctor, and P. J. Bertics Cutting Edge: The Nucleotide Receptor P2X7 Contains Multiple Protein- and Lipid-Interaction Motifs Including a Potential Binding Site for Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide J. Immunol., August 15, 2001; 167(4): 1871 - 1876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. D. Kutuzova, R. M. Albrecht, C. M. Erickson, and N. Qureshi Diphosphoryl Lipid A from Rhodobacter sphaeroides Blocks the Binding and Internalization of Lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 Cells J. Immunol., July 1, 2001; 167(1): 482 - 489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. B. Cowan, S. Noria, C. Stamm, L. M. Garcia, D. N. Poutias, P. J. del Nido, and F. X. McGowan Jr Lipopolysaccharide Internalization Activates Endotoxin-Dependent Signal Transduction in Cardiomyocytes Circ. Res., March 16, 2001; 88(5): 491 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. A. Bouis, T. G. Popova, A. Takashima, and M. V. Norgard Dendritic Cells Phagocytose and Are Activated by Treponema pallidum Infect. Immun., January 1, 2001; 69(1): 518 - 528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. G. Lei and D. C. Morrison Differential Expression of Caveolin-1 in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Murine Macrophages Infect. Immun., September 1, 2000; 68(9): 5084 - 5089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. L. Kitchens, G. Wolfbauer, J. J. Albers, and R. S. Munford Plasma Lipoproteins Promote the Release of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide from the Monocyte Cell Surface J. Biol. Chem., November 26, 1999; 274(48): 34116 - 34122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Vasselon, E. Hailman, R. Thieringer, and P. A. Detmers Internalization of Monomeric Lipopolysaccharide Occurs after Transfer out of Cell Surface CD14 J. Exp. Med., August 16, 1999; 190(4): 509 - 522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Thieblemont and S. D. Wright Transport of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide to the Golgi Apparatus J. Exp. Med., August 16, 1999; 190(4): 523 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. J. Sellati, D. A. Bouis, M. J. Caimano, J. A. Feulner, C. Ayers, E. Lien, and J. D. Radolf Activation of Human Monocytic Cells by Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum Is Facilitated by CD14 and Correlates with Surface Exposure of Spirochetal Lipoproteins J. Immunol., August 15, 1999; 163(4): 2049 - 2056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P.-y. Wang and R. S. Munford CD14-dependent Internalization and Metabolism of Extracellular Phosphatidylinositol by Monocytes J. Biol. Chem., August 13, 1999; 274(33): 23235 - 23241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Forestier, E. Moreno, S. Meresse, A. Phalipon, D. Olive, P. Sansonetti, and J.-P. Gorvel Interaction of Brucella abortus Lipopolysaccharide with Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Molecules in B Lymphocytes Infect. Immun., August 1, 1999; 67(8): 4048 - 4054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Forestier, E. Moreno, J. Pizarro-Cerda, and J.-P. Gorvel Lysosomal Accumulation and Recycling of Lipopolysaccharide to the Cell Surface of Murine Macrophages, an In Vitro and In Vivo Study J. Immunol., June 1, 1999; 162(11): 6784 - 6791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. A. Byrd, W. Bornmann, H. Erdjument-Bromage, P. Tempst, N. Pavletich, N. Rosen, C. F. Nathan, and A. Ding Heat shock protein 90 mediates macrophage activation by Taxol and bacterial lipopolysaccharide PNAS, May 11, 1999; 96(10): 5645 - 5650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |