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Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43614
Polysaccharide vaccines to encapsulated bacteria such as
Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus
pneumoniae are weakly immunogenic due to their T-independent
(TI) nature. Even when converted to T-dependent forms through
conjugation to foreign proteins, polysaccharides induce responses that
are deficient in many respects, such as induction of murine IgG2a Ab,
the isotype that mediates optimal complement fixation and opsonization.
We now show that IL-12 treatment of mice induces significantly
increased levels of IgG2a Ab to the model TI-2 Ag, DNP-Ficoll, and to
vaccines composed of polysaccharides from pneumococci and meningococci.
Use of immunodeficient mice lacking T cells and/or NK cells
demonstrated that such cells were not responsible for the observed Ab
enhancement. Furthermore, the use of IFN-
knockout mice showed that
stimulation of TI-2 Ab responses by IL-12 was only partially dependent
on IFN-. The ability of IL-12 to dramatically enhance TI Ab
responses suggests that IL-12 will be useful as a powerful vaccine
adjuvant to induce protective immune responses against encapsulated
pathogens.
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