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Selective Induction of CD8⁺ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Effector Function by Staphylococcus Enterotoxin B¹

Department of Microbiology and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908

Upon encounter with its antigenic stimulus, CTL characteristically proliferate, produce cytokines, and lyse the Ag-presenting cell in an attempt to impede further infection. Superantigens are extremely efficient immunostimulatory proteins that promote high levels of proliferation and massive cytokine production in reactive T cells. We compared the activation of murine influenza-specific CD8⁺ CTL clones stimulated with either influenza peptide or the superantigen staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB). We found that influenza peptide/MHC and SEB appeared equally capable of eliciting proliferation and IFN- production. However, while influenza peptide/MHC elicited both perforin- and Fas ligand (FasL)/Fas (CD95L/CD95)-mediated cytolytic mechanisms, SEB was unable to trigger perforin-mediated cytolysis or serine esterase release. Examination of intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization events revealed that the ability to trigger intracellular Ca²⁺ flux was not comparable between influenza peptide and SEB. SEB stimulated only a small rise in levels of intracellular Ca²⁺, at times indistinguishable from background. These findings indicate that the short-term cytolytic potential of superantigen-activated CD8⁺ CTL clones appears to be restricted to FasL/Fas (CD95L/CD95) mediated cytolysis.

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