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Differences in the Immune Response During the Acute Phase of E-55+ Murine Leukemia Virus Infection in Progressor BALB and Long Term Nonprogressor C57BL Mice¹

Vily Panoutsakopoulou^*, C. Scott Little^*, Thomas G. Sieck, Elizabeth P. Blankenhorn and Kenneth J. Blank^2,*

^* Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19102

E-55+ murine leukemia virus infection of both progressor (BALB) and long term nonprogressor (C57BL) mouse strains is characterized by an acute and a persistent phase of infection. During the acute phase, progressor strains require CD8⁺ T cells to decrease virus burden, whereas the long term nonprogressor strains do not. In the present studies the immune response in BALB and C57BL mice during the acute phase of E-55+ murine leukemia virus infection was examined. The results demonstrate that BALB mice produce both IL-4 and IFN-, in contrast to C57BL mice, which produce only IFN-. In BALB mice, IL-4 production results in the absolute requirement for CD8⁺ T cells to reduce the virus burden during the acute phase of infection. The anti-virus immune response in these mice is IFN- dependent. On the other hand, C57BL mice do not produce IL-4 and, in the absence of both CD8⁺ T cells and IFN-, still generate an effective anti-virus immune response. Genetic studies suggest that these distinct immune responses are regulated by more than one non-MHC-linked gene. Two candidate regions that may encode this gene(s), located on chromosomes 7 and 19, respectively, were identified by recombinant inbred strain linkage analysis.