| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
-Induced Hepatic Parenchymal Cell Apoptosis and Neutrophil-Mediated Necrosis in a Murine Endotoxin Shock Model1
*
Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI 49007; and
Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030
Endotoxin (ET)-induced liver failure is characterized by
parenchymal cell apoptosis and inflammation leading to liver cell
necrosis. Members of the caspase family have been implicated in the
signal transduction pathway of apoptosis. The aim of this study was to
characterize ET-induced hepatic caspase activation and apoptosis and to
investigate their effect on neutrophil-mediated liver injury. Treatment
of C3Heb/FeJ mice with 700 mg/kg galactosamine (Gal) and 100 µg/kg
Salmonella abortus equi ET increased caspase 3-like
protease activity (Asp-Val-Glu-Asp-substrate) by 1730 ± 140% at
6 h. There was a parallel enhancement of apoptosis (assessed by
DNA fragmentation ELISA and terminal deoxynucleotidyl
transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay). In contrast,
activity of caspase 1 (IL-1ß-converting enzyme)-like proteases
(Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-substrate) did not change throughout the experiment.
Caspase 3-like protease activity and apoptosis was not induced by
Gal/ET in ET-resistant mice (C3H/HeJ). Furthermore, only murine TNF-
but not IL-1ß increased caspase activity and apoptosis. Gal/ET
caused neutrophil-dependent hepatocellular necrosis at 7 h (area
of necrosis, 45 ± 3%). Delayed treatment with the caspase 3-like
protease inhibitor Z-Val-Ala-Asp-CH2F (Z-VAD)
(10 mg/kg at 3 h) attenuated apoptosis by 81 to 88% and prevented
liver cell necrosis (
5%). Z-VAD had no effect on the initial
inflammatory response, including the sequestration of neutrophils in
sinusoids. However, Z-VAD prevented neutrophil transmigration and
necrosis. Our data indicate that activation of the caspase 3 subfamily
of cysteine proteases is critical for the development of parenchymal
cell apoptosis. In addition, excessive hepatocellular apoptosis can be
an important signal for transmigration of primed neutrophils
sequestered in sinusoids.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  K. Kumagai, K. Ito, Y. Ando, S. Hakamata, M. Teranishi, H. Nakayama, and S. Manabe Neutralization of IL-10 Exacerbates Cycloheximide-Induced Hepatocellular Apoptosis and Necrosis Toxicol Pathol, June 1, 2009; 37(4): 536 - 546. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-Y. Hong, M. Lebofsky, A. Farhood, and H. Jaeschke Oxidant stress-induced liver injury in vivo: role of apoptosis, oncotic necrosis, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, March 1, 2009; 296(3): G572 - G581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Barlos, E. A. Deitch, A. C. Watkins, F. J. Caputo, Q. Lu, B. Abungu, I. Colorado, D.-Z. Xu, and R. Feinman Trauma-hemorrhagic shock-induced pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cell injury utilizes different programmed cell death signaling pathways Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, March 1, 2009; 296(3): L404 - L417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. L. Bajt, H.-M. Yan, A. Farhood, and H. Jaeschke Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Limits Liver Injury and Facilitates Regeneration after Acetaminophen Overdose Toxicol. Sci., August 1, 2008; 104(2): 419 - 427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. T. Pritchard, S. Roychowdhury, M. R. McMullen, L. Guo, G. E. Arteel, and L. E. Nagy Early growth response-1 contributes to galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, December 1, 2007; 293(6): G1124 - G1133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. Ramaiah and H. Jaeschke Role of Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Acute Inflammatory Liver Injury Toxicol Pathol, October 1, 2007; 35(6): 757 - 766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Le Minh, K. Klemm, K. Abshagen, C. Eipel, M. D. Menger, and B. Vollmar Attenuation of Inflammation and Apoptosis by Pre- and Posttreatment of Darbepoetin-{alpha} in Acute Liver Failure of Mice Am. J. Pathol., June 1, 2007; 170(6): 1954 - 1963. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Bajt, C. Cover, J. J. Lemasters, and H. Jaeschke Nuclear Translocation of Endonuclease G and Apoptosis-Inducing Factor during Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Cell Injury Toxicol. Sci., November 1, 2006; 94(1): 217 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.D. Tan, A.M. Kuijpers-Jagtman, C.M. Semeins, A.L.J.J. Bronckers, J.C. Maltha, J.W. Von den Hoff, V. Everts, and J. Klein-Nulend Fluid Shear Stress Inhibits TNF{alpha}-induced Osteocyte Apoptosis Journal of Dental Research, October 1, 2006; 85(10): 905 - 909. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ito, E. R. Abril, N. W. Bethea, M. K. McCuskey, C. Cover, H. Jaeschke, and R. S. McCuskey Mechanisms and pathophysiological implications of sinusoidal endothelial cell gap formation following treatment with galactosamine/endotoxin in mice Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, August 1, 2006; 291(2): G211 - G218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Wang, R. Singh, J. H. Lefkowitch, R. M. Rigoli, and M. J. Czaja Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Toxic Liver Injury Results from JNK2-dependent Activation of Caspase-8 and the Mitochondrial Death Pathway J. Biol. Chem., June 2, 2006; 281(22): 15258 - 15267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Jaeschke Mechanisms of Liver Injury. II. Mechanisms of neutrophil-induced liver cell injury during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and other acute inflammatory conditions Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, June 1, 2006; 290(6): G1083 - G1088. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Shea-Budgell, M. Dojka, M. Nimmo, D. Lee, and Z. Xu A BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Marginal Zinc Deficiency Increased the Susceptibility to Acute Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury in Rats. Experimental Biology and Medicine, May 1, 2006; 231(5): 553 - 558. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Jaeschke and M. L. Bajt Intracellular Signaling Mechanisms of Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Cell Death Toxicol. Sci., January 1, 2006; 89(1): 31 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Cover, A. Mansouri, T. R. Knight, M. L. Bajt, J. J. Lemasters, D. Pessayre, and H. Jaeschke Peroxynitrite-Induced Mitochondrial and Endonuclease-Mediated Nuclear DNA Damage in Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 2005; 315(2): 879 - 887. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Hasegawa, E. Malle, A. Farhood, and H. Jaeschke Generation of hypochlorite-modified proteins by neutrophils during ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat liver: attenuation by ischemic preconditioning Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, October 1, 2005; 289(4): G760 - G767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. Dorman, J. S. Gujral, M. L. Bajt, A. Farhood, and H. Jaeschke Generation and functional significance of CXC chemokines for neutrophil-induced liver injury during endotoxemia Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, May 1, 2005; 288(5): G880 - G886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Yoshimoto, S. Togo, T. Kubota, N. Kamimukai, S. Saito, Y. Nagano, I. Endo, H. Sekido, Y. Nagashima, and H. Shimada Role of transforming growth factor-{beta}1 (TGF-{beta}1) in endotoxin-induced hepatic failure after extensive hepatectomy in rats Innate Immunity, February 1, 2005; 11(1): 33 - 39. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Jaeschke and M. L. Bajt Critical role of CXC chemokines in endotoxemic liver injury in mice J. Leukoc. Biol., December 1, 2004; 76(6): 1089 - 1090. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Guo, Y. Wang, A. W. Minto, R. J. Quigg, and P. N. Cunningham Acute Renal Failure in Endotoxemia is Dependent on Caspase Activation J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2004; 15(12): 3093 - 3102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Martin and P.-G. Forkert Evidence That 1,1-Dichloroethylene Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Murine Liver J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2004; 310(1): 33 - 42. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Gujral, J. A. Hinson, A. Farhood, and H. Jaeschke NADPH oxidase-derived oxidant stress is critical for neutrophil cytotoxicity during endotoxemia Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, July 1, 2004; 287(1): G243 - G252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. C. Hoglen, L.-S. Chen, C. D. Fisher, B. P. Hirakawa, T. Groessl, and P. C. Contreras Characterization of IDN-6556 (3-{2-(2-tert-Butyl-phenylaminooxalyl)-amino]-propionylamino}-4-oxo-5-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-phenoxy)-pentanoic Acid): a Liver-Targeted Caspase Inhibitor J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., May 1, 2004; 309(2): 634 - 640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Eipel, R. Bordel, R. M. Nickels, M. D. Menger, and B. Vollmar Impact of leukocytes and platelets in mediating hepatocyte apoptosis in a rat model of systemic endotoxemia Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, May 1, 2004; 286(5): G769 - G776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Malagarie-Cazenave, B. Segui, S. Leveque, V. Garcia, S. Carpentier, M.-F. Altie, A. Brouchet, V. Gouaze, N. Andrieu-Abadie, Y. Barreira, et al. Role of FAN in Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} and Lipopolysaccharide-induced Interleukin-6 Secretion and Lethality in D-Galactosamine-sensitized Mice J. Biol. Chem., April 30, 2004; 279(18): 18648 - 18655. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Canbay, A. Feldstein, E. Baskin-Bey, S. F. Bronk, and G. J. Gores The Caspase Inhibitor IDN-6556 Attenuates Hepatic Injury and Fibrosis in the Bile Duct Ligated Mouse J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2004; 308(3): 1191 - 1196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Klintman, X. Li, and H. Thorlacius Important Role of P-Selectin for Leukocyte Recruitment, Hepatocellular Injury, and Apoptosis in Endotoxemic Mice Clin. Vaccine Immunol., January 1, 2004; 11(1): 56 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. L. Copple, C. M. Rondelli, J. F. Maddox, N. C. Hoglen, P. E. Ganey, and R. A. Roth Modes of Cell Death in Rat Liver after Monocrotaline Exposure Toxicol. Sci., January 1, 2004; 77(1): 172 - 182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Madhotra and I.T. Gilmore Recent developments in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis QJM, June 1, 2003; 96(6): 391 - 400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. SCHAFER, C. SCHEUER, K. ROEMER, M. D. MENGER, and B. VOLLMAR Inhibition of p53 protects liver tissue against endotoxin-induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death FASEB J, April 1, 2003; 17(6): 660 - 667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Jaeschke Molecular mechanisms of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and preconditioning Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, January 1, 2003; 284(1): G15 - G26. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B. Yee, P. E. Ganey, and R. A. Roth The Role of Kupffer Cells and TNF-{alpha} in Monocrotaline and Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury Toxicol. Sci., January 1, 2003; 71(1): 124 - 132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Takahashi, R. W. Ganster, A. Gambotto, L. Shao, T. Kaizu, T. Wu, G. P. Yagnik, A. Nakao, G. Tsoulfas, T. Ishikawa, et al. Role of NF-kappa B on liver cold ischemia-reperfusion injury Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, November 1, 2002; 283(5): G1175 - G1184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Jirillo, D. Caccavo, T. Magrone, E. Piccigallo, L. Amati, A. Lembo, C. Kalis, and M. Gumenscheimer Review: The role of the liver in the response to LPS: experimental and clinical findings Innate Immunity, October 1, 2002; 8(5): 319 - 327. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Gujral, T. R. Knight, A. Farhood, M. L. Bajt, and H. Jaeschke Mode of Cell Death after Acetaminophen Overdose in Mice: Apoptosis or Oncotic Necrosis? Toxicol. Sci., June 1, 2002; 67(2): 322 - 328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Koteish, S. Yang, H. Lin, X. Huang, and A. M. Diehl Chronic Ethanol Exposure Potentiates Lipopolysaccharide Liver Injury Despite Inhibiting Jun N-terminal Kinase and Caspase 3 Activation J. Biol. Chem., April 5, 2002; 277(15): 13037 - 13044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Jaeschke, G. J. Gores, A. I. Cederbaum, J. A. Hinson, D. Pessayre, and J. J. Lemasters Mechanisms of Hepatotoxicity Toxicol. Sci., February 1, 2002; 65(2): 166 - 176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Oberholzer, C. Oberholzer, F.R. Bahjat, C. K. Edwards, and L. L. Moldawer Genetic determinants of lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine-mediated hepatocellular apoptosis and lethality Innate Immunity, October 1, 2001; 7(5): 375 - 380. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Yang, H. Lin, and A. M. Diehl Fatty liver vulnerability to endotoxin-induced damage despite NF-{kappa}B induction and inhibited caspase 3 activation Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, August 1, 2001; 281(2): G382 - G392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. T. Alscher, P. T. Phang, T. E. McDonald, and K. R. Walley Enteral feeding decreases gut apoptosis, permeability, and lung inflammation during murine endotoxemia Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, August 1, 2001; 281(2): G569 - G576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Yang, H. Z. Lin, J. Hwang, V. P. Chacko, and A. M. Diehl Hepatic Hyperplasia in Noncirrhotic Fatty Livers: Is Obesity-related Hepatic Steatosis a Premalignant Condition? Cancer Res., July 1, 2001; 61(13): 5016 - 5023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. G. Weiss, L. Bellin, P. K. Kim, K. M. Andrejko, C. A. Haaxma, N. Raj, E. E. Furth, and C. S. Deutschman Compensatory hepatic regeneration after mild, but not fulminant, intraperitoneal sepsis in rats Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, May 1, 2001; 280(5): G968 - G973. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. He, Y. Noda, and K. Sugiyama Green Tea Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury in D-Galactosamine-Sensitized Rats J. Nutr., May 1, 2001; 131(5): 1560 - 1567. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. OBERHOLZER, A. OBERHOLZER, M. CLARE-SALZLER, and L. L. MOLDAWER Apoptosis in sepsis: a new target for therapeutic exploration FASEB J, April 1, 2001; 15(6): 879 - 892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. H. N. Hoebe, R. F. Witkamp, J. Fink-Gremmels, A. S. J. P. A. M. Van Miert, and M. Monshouwer Direct cell-to-cell contact between Kupffer cells and hepatocytes augments endotoxin-induced hepatic injury Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, April 1, 2001; 280(4): G720 - G728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Fauvel, P. Marchetti, C. Chopin, P. Formstecher, and R. Neviere Differential effects of caspase inhibitors on endotoxin-induced myocardial dysfunction and heart apoptosis Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2001; 280(4): H1608 - H1614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Boulay, R. Masson, M.-P. Chenard, M. El Fahime, L. Cassard, J.-P. Bellocq, C. Sautèes-Fridman, P. Basset, and M.-C. Rio High Cancer Cell Death in Syngeneic Tumors Developed in Host Mice Deficient for the Stromelysin-3 Matrix Metalloproteinase Cancer Res., March 1, 2001; 61(5): 2189 - 2193. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. YANG, T. S. JOHNSON, G. L. THOMAS, P. F. WATSON, B. WAGNER, and A. M. E. NAHAS Apoptosis and Caspase-3 in Experimental Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Nephritis J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2001; 12(3): 485 - 495. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Miyoshi, C. Rust, M. E. Guicciardi, and G. J. Gores NF-{{kappa}}B Is Activated in Cholestasis and Functions to Reduce Liver Injury Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2001; 158(3): 967 - 975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. NEVIÈRE, H. FAUVEL, C. CHOPIN, P. FORMSTECHER, and P. MARCHETTI Caspase Inhibition Prevents Cardiac Dysfunction and Heart Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Sepsis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 1, 2001; 163(1): 218 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. R. Bahjat, V. R. Dharnidharka, K. Fukuzuka, L. Morel, J. M. Crawford, M. J. Clare-Salzler, and L. L. Moldawer Reduced Susceptibility of Nonobese Diabetic Mice to TNF-{alpha} and D-Galactosamine-Mediated Hepatocellular Apoptosis and Lethality J. Immunol., December 1, 2000; 165(11): 6559 - 6567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Bajt, J. A. Lawson, S. L. Vonderfecht, J. S. Gujral, and H. Jaeschke Protection against Fas Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis in Hepatocytes and Nonparenchymal Cells by a Caspase-8 Inhibitor in Vivo: Evidence for a Postmitochondrial Processing of Caspase-8 Toxicol. Sci., November 1, 2000; 58(1): 109 - 117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kawasaki, K. Kuwano, N. Hagimoto, T. Matsuba, R. Kunitake, T. Tanaka, T. Maeyama, and N. Hara Protection from Lethal Apoptosis in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice by a Caspase Inhibitor Am. J. Pathol., August 1, 2000; 157(2): 597 - 603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Hentze, F. Gantner, S. A. Kolb, and A. Wendel Depletion of Hepatic Glutathione Prevents Death Receptor-Dependent Apoptotic and Necrotic Liver Injury in Mice Am. J. Pathol., June 1, 2000; 156(6): 2045 - 2056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Lawson, A. Farhood, R. D. Hopper, M. L. Bajt, and H. Jaeschke The Hepatic Inflammatory Response after Acetaminophen Overdose: Role of Neutrophils Toxicol. Sci., April 1, 2000; 54(2): 509 - 516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Kuhnel, L. Zender, Y. Paul, M. K. Tietze, C. Trautwein, M. Manns, and S. Kubicka NFkappa B Mediates Apoptosis through Transcriptional Activation of Fas (CD95) in Adenoviral Hepatitis J. Biol. Chem., February 25, 2000; 275(9): 6421 - 6427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Pahlevan, D. J. M. Wright, C. Andrews, K. M. George, P. L. C. Small, and B. M. Foxwell The Inhibitory Action of Mycobacterium ulcerans Soluble Factor on Monocyte/T Cell Cytokine Production and NF-{kappa}B Function J. Immunol., October 1, 1999; 163(7): 3928 - 3935. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. WANNER, L. MICA, E. WANNER-SCHMID, S. A. KOLB, H. HENTZE, O. TRENTZ, and W. ERTEL Inhibition of caspase activity prevents CD95-mediated hepatic microvascular perfusion failure and restores Kupffer cell clearance capacity FASEB J, July 1, 1999; 13(10): 1239 - 1248. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Li, C. A. Bombeck, S. Yang, Y.-M. Kim, and T. R. Billiar Nitric Oxide Suppresses Apoptosis via Interrupting Caspase Activation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cultured Hepatocytes J. Biol. Chem., June 11, 1999; 274(24): 17325 - 17333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. H.S. Lee, J. P. Macintyre, G. R. Taylor, E. Wang, R. K. Plante, S. S.C. Tam, B. L. Pope, and C. Y. Lau Tepoxalin Enhances the Activity of an Antioxidant, Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate, in Attenuating Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha -Induced Apoptosis in WEHI 164 Cells J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., June 1, 1999; 289(3): 1465 - 1471. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. MIGNON, N. ROUQUET, M. FABRE, S. MARTIN, J. C. PAGES, J. F. DHAINAUT, A. KAHN, P. BRIAND, and V. JOULIN LPS Challenge in D-galactosamine-Sensitized Mice Accounts for Caspase-dependent Fulminant Hepatitis, not for Septic Shock Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 1, 1999; 159(4): 1308 - 1315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Reiners Jr. and R. E. Clift Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Regulation of Ceramide-induced Apoptosis in Murine Hepatoma 1c1c7 Cells. A FUNCTION INDEPENDENT OF ARYL HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATOR J. Biol. Chem., January 22, 1999; 274(4): 2502 - 2510. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Bradham, J. Plumpe, M. P. Manns, D. A. Brenner, and C. Trautwein I. TNF-induced liver injury Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, September 1, 1998; 275(3): G387 - G392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. H. Nietsch, M. W. Roe, J. F. Fiekers, A. L. Moore, and S. D. Lidofsky Activation of Potassium and Chloride Channels by Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha . ROLE IN LIVER CELL DEATH J. Biol. Chem., June 30, 2000; 275(27): 20556 - 20561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Zhao, S. Li, E. E. Childs, D. K. Kuharsky, and X.-M. Yin Activation of Pro-death Bcl-2 Family Proteins and Mitochondria Apoptosis Pathway in Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -induced Liver Injury J. Biol. Chem., July 13, 2001; 276(29): 27432 - 27440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
