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The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 160: 3363-3373.
Copyright © 1998 by The American Association of Immunologists

Several Common HLA-DR Types Share Largely Overlapping Peptide Binding Repertoires1 ,2

Scott Southwood*, John Sidney*, Akihiro Kondo{dagger}, Marie-France del Guercio*, Ettore Appella{ddagger}, Stephen Hoffman§, Ralph T. Kubo, Robert W. Chesnut*, Howard M. Grey|| and Alessandro Sette3,*

* Epimmune, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121; {dagger} Takara, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; {ddagger} National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; § Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889; Cytel Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121; and || La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121

The peptide binding specificities of HLA-DRB1*0401, DRB1*0101, and DRB1*0701 have been analyzed by the use of large collections of synthetic peptides corresponding to naturally occurring sequences. The results demonstrated that nearly all peptides binding to these DR molecules bear a motif characterized by a large aromatic or hydrophobic residue in position 1 (Y, F, W, L, I, V, M) and a small, noncharged residue in position 6 (S, T, C, A, P, V, I, L, M). In addition, allele-specific secondary effects and secondary anchors were defined, and these parameters were utilized to derive allele-specific motifs and algorithms. By the combined use of such algorithms, peptides capable of degenerate DRB1*0101, DRB1*0401, and DRB1*0701 binding were identified. Additional experiments utilizing a panel of quantitative assays specific for nine additional common DR molecules identified a large set of DR molecules, which includes at least the DRB1*0101, DRB1*0401, DRB1*0701, DRB5*0101, DRB1*1501, DRB1*0901, and DRB1*1302 allelic products, characterized by overlapping peptide-binding repertoires. These results have implications for understanding the molecular interactions involved in peptide-DR binding, as well as the genetic and structural basis of MHC polymorphism. These results also have potential practical implications for the development of epitope-based prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.




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L. BenMohamed, G. Bertrand, C. D. McNamara, H. Gras-Masse, J. Hammer, S. L. Wechsler, and A. B. Nesburn
Identification of Novel Immunodominant CD4+ Th1-Type T-Cell Peptide Epitopes from Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D That Confer Protective Immunity
J. Virol., September 1, 2003; 77(17): 9463 - 9473.
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
D. L. Doolan, S. Southwood, D. A. Freilich, J. Sidney, N. L. Graber, L. Shatney, L. Bebris, L. Florens, C. Dobano, A. A. Witney, et al.
Identification of Plasmodium falciparum antigens by antigenic analysis of genomic and proteomic data
PNAS, August 19, 2003; 100(17): 9952 - 9957.
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Cancer Res.Home page
T. Tatsumi, C. J. Herrem, W. C. Olson, J. H. Finke, R. M. Bukowski, M. S. Kinch, E. Ranieri, and W. J. Storkus
Disease Stage Variation in CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell Reactivity to the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase EphA2 in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma
Cancer Res., August 1, 2003; 63(15): 4481 - 4489.
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J. Immunol.Home page
J. A. Hill, S. Southwood, A. Sette, A. M. Jevnikar, D. A. Bell, and E. Cairns
Cutting Edge: The Conversion of Arginine to Citrulline Allows for a High-Affinity Peptide Interaction with the Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated HLA-DRB1*0401 MHC Class II Molecule
J. Immunol., July 15, 2003; 171(2): 538 - 541.
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
A. Suri, J. J. Walters, O. Kanagawa, M. L. Gross, and E. R. Unanue
Specificity of peptide selection by antigen-presenting cells homozygous or heterozygous for expression of class II MHC molecules: The lack of competition
PNAS, April 29, 2003; 100(9): 5330 - 5335.
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Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
T. Tatsumi, L. S. Kierstead, E. Ranieri, L. Gesualdo, F. P. Schena, J. H. Finke, R. M. Bukowski, V. Brusic, J. Sidney, A. Sette, et al.
MAGE-6 Encodes HLA-DR{beta}1*0401-presented Epitopes Recognized by CD4+ T Cells from Patients with Melanoma or Renal Cell Carcinoma
Clin. Cancer Res., March 1, 2003; 9(3): 947 - 954.
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J. Virol.Home page
U. Malhotra, S. Holte, T. Zhu, E. Delpit, C. Huntsberry, A. Sette, R. Shankarappa, J. Maenza, L. Corey, and M. J. McElrath
Early Induction and Maintenance of Env-Specific T-Helper Cells following Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
J. Virol., February 15, 2003; 77(4): 2663 - 2674.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BloodHome page
M. Jacquemin, V. Vantomme, C. Buhot, R. Lavend'homme, W. Burny, N. Demotte, P. Chaux, K. Peerlinck, J. Vermylen, B. Maillere, et al.
CD4+ T-cell clones specific for wild-type factor VIII: a molecular mechanism responsible for a higher incidence of inhibitor formation in mild/moderate hemophilia A
Blood, February 15, 2003; 101(4): 1351 - 1358.
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J. Immunol.Home page
E. H. Slager, M. Borghi, C. E. van der Minne, C. A. Aarnoudse, M. J. E. Havenga, P. I. Schrier, S. Osanto, and M. Griffioen
CD4+ Th2 Cell Recognition of HLA-DR-Restricted Epitopes Derived from CAMEL: A Tumor Antigen Translated in an Alternative Open Reading Frame
J. Immunol., February 1, 2003; 170(3): 1490 - 1497.
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J. Immunol.Home page
E. Boritz, B. E. Palmer, B. Livingston, A. Sette, and C. C. Wilson
Diverse Repertoire of HIV-1 p24-Specific, IFN-{gamma}-Producing CD4+ T Cell Clones Following Immune Reconstitution on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
J. Immunol., January 15, 2003; 170(2): 1106 - 1116.
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J. Immunol.Home page
F. A. Castelli, C. Buhot, A. Sanson, H. Zarour, S. Pouvelle-Moratille, C. Nonn, H. Gahery-Segard, J.-G. Guillet, A. Menez, B. Georges, et al.
HLA-DP4, the Most Frequent HLA II Molecule, Defines a New Supertype of Peptide-Binding Specificity
J. Immunol., December 15, 2002; 169(12): 6928 - 6934.
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J. Virol.Home page
C. L. Day, G. M. Lauer, G. K. Robbins, B. McGovern, A. G. Wurcel, R. T. Gandhi, R. T. Chung, and B. D. Walker
Broad Specificity of Virus-Specific CD4+ T-Helper-Cell Responses in Resolved Hepatitis C Virus Infection
J. Virol., November 13, 2002; 76(24): 12584 - 12595.
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J. Immunol.Home page
J. D. Lippolis, F. M. White, J. A. Marto, C. J. Luckey, T. N. J. Bullock, J. Shabanowitz, D. F. Hunt, and V. H. Engelhard
Analysis of MHC Class II Antigen Processing by Quantitation of Peptides that Constitute Nested Sets
J. Immunol., November 1, 2002; 169(9): 5089 - 5097.
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J. Immunol.Home page
J. Sidney, M.-F. del Guercio, S. Southwood, and A. Sette
The HLA Molecules DQA1*0501/B1*0201 and DQA1*0301/B1*0302 Share an Extensive Overlap in Peptide Binding Specificity
J. Immunol., November 1, 2002; 169(9): 5098 - 5108.
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Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
H. Kobayashi, R. Omiya, M. Ruiz, E. Huarte, P. Sarobe, J. J. Lasarte, M. Herraiz, B. Sangro, J. Prieto, F. Borras-Cuesta, et al.
Identification of an Antigenic Epitope for Helper T Lymphocytes from Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 2002; 8(10): 3219 - 3225.
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J. Immunol.Home page
R. Omiya, C. Buteau, H. Kobayashi, C. V. Paya, and E. Celis
Inhibition of EBV-Induced Lymphoproliferation by CD4+ T Cells Specific for an MHC Class II Promiscuous Epitope
J. Immunol., August 15, 2002; 169(4): 2172 - 2179.
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Infect. Immun.Home page
I. Caro-Aguilar, A. Rodriguez, J. M. Calvo-Calle, F. Guzman, P. De la Vega, M. Elkin Patarroyo, M. R. Galinski, and A. Moreno
Plasmodium vivax Promiscuous T-Helper Epitopes Defined and Evaluated as Linear Peptide Chimera Immunogens
Infect. Immun., July 1, 2002; 70(7): 3479 - 3492.
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J. Immunol.Home page
B. R. Mothe, J. Sidney, J. L. Dzuris, M. E. Liebl, S. Fuenger, D. I. Watkins, and A. Sette
Characterization of the Peptide-Binding Specificity of Mamu-B*17 and Identification of Mamu-B*17-Restricted Epitopes Derived from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins
J. Immunol., July 1, 2002; 169(1): 210 - 219.
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J. Immunol.Home page
B. Livingston, C. Crimi, M. Newman, Y. Higashimoto, E. Appella, J. Sidney, and A. Sette
A Rational Strategy to Design Multiepitope Immunogens Based on Multiple Th Lymphocyte Epitopes
J. Immunol., June 1, 2002; 168(11): 5499 - 5506.
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JEMHome page
B. Schuler-Thurner, E. S. Schultz, T. G. Berger, G. Weinlich, S. Ebner, P. Woerl, A. Bender, B. Feuerstein, P. O. Fritsch, N. Romani, et al.
Rapid Induction of Tumor-specific Type 1 T Helper Cells in Metastatic Melanoma Patients by Vaccination with Mature, Cryopreserved, Peptide-loaded Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells
J. Exp. Med., May 20, 2002; 195(10): 1279 - 1288.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mayo Clin Proc.Home page
C. Buteau, S. N. Markovic, and E. Celis
Challenges in the Development of Effective Peptide Vaccines for Cancer
Mayo Clin. Proc., April 1, 2002; 77(4): 339 - 349.
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Cancer Res.Home page
H. M. Zarour, B. Maillere, V. Brusic, K. Coval, E. Williams, S. Pouvelle-Moratille, F. Castelli, S. Land, J. Bennouna, T. Logan, et al.
NY-ESO-1 119-143 Is a Promiscuous Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II T-Helper Epitope Recognized by Th1- and Th2-Type Tumor-reactive CD4+ T Cells
Cancer Res., January 1, 2002; 62(1): 213 - 218.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Virol.Home page
J. L. Dzuris, J. Sidney, H. Horton, R. Correa, D. Carter, R. W. Chesnut, D. I. Watkins, and A. Sette
Molecular Determinants of Peptide Binding to Two Common Rhesus Macaque Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Molecules
J. Virol., November 15, 2001; 75(22): 10958 - 10968.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cancer Res.Home page
H. Kobayashi, J. Lu, and E. Celis
Identification of Helper T-Cell Epitopes That Encompass or Lie Proximal to Cytotoxic T-Cell Epitopes in the gp100 Melanoma Tumor Antigen
Cancer Res., October 1, 2001; 61(20): 7577 - 7584.
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Infect. Immun.Home page
L. Guilherme, S. E. Oshiro, K. C. Fae, E. Cunha-Neto, G. Renesto, A. C. Goldberg, A. C. Tanaka, P. M. A Pomerantzeff, M. H. Kiss, C. Silva, et al.
T-Cell Reactivity against Streptococcal Antigens in the Periphery Mirrors Reactivity of Heart-Infiltrating T Lymphocytes in Rheumatic Heart Disease Patients
Infect. Immun., September 1, 2001; 69(9): 5345 - 5351.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
Y. Zhao, B. Gran23, C. Pinilla, S. Markovic-Plese, B. Hemmer, A. Tzou, L. W. Whitney, W. E. Biddison, R. Martin, and R. Simon
Combinatorial Peptide Libraries and Biometric Score Matrices Permit the Quantitative Analysis of Specific and Degenerate Interactions Between Clonotypic TCR and MHC Peptide Ligands
J. Immunol., August 15, 2001; 167(4): 2130 - 2141.
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Cancer Res.Home page
H. Kobayashi, Y. Song, D. S. B. Hoon, E. Appella, and E. Celis
Tumor-reactive T Helper Lymphocytes Recognize a Promiscuous MAGE-A3 Epitope Presented by Various Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Alleles
Cancer Res., June 1, 2001; 61(12): 4773 - 4778.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Virol.Home page
C. C. Wilson, B. Palmer, S. Southwood, J. Sidney, Y. Higashimoto, E. Appella, R. Chesnut, A. Sette, and B. D. Livingston
Identification and Antigenicity of Broadly Cross-Reactive and Conserved Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Derived Helper T-Lymphocyte Epitopes
J. Virol., May 1, 2001; 75(9): 4195 - 4207.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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J. Immunol.Home page
M. A. Haque, J. W. Hawes, and J. S. Blum
Cysteinylation of MHC Class II Ligands: Peptide Endocytosis and Reduction Within APC Influences T Cell Recognition
J. Immunol., April 1, 2001; 166(7): 4543 - 4551.
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J. Immunol.Home page
J. Sidney, J. L. Dzuris, M. J. Newman, R. P. Johnson, K. Amitinder, C. M. Walker, E. Appella, B. Mothe, D. I. Watkins, and A. Sette
Definition of the Mamu A*01 Peptide Binding Specificity: Application to the Identification of Wild-Type and Optimized Ligands from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Regulatory Proteins
J. Immunol., December 1, 2000; 165(11): 6387 - 6399.
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J. Immunol.Home page
B. Cochlovius, M. Stassar, O. Christ, L. Raddrizzani, J. Hammer, I. Mytilineos, and M. Zoller
In Vitro and In Vivo Induction of a Th Cell Response Toward Peptides of the Melanoma-Associated Glycoprotein 100 Protein Selected by the TEPITOPE Program
J. Immunol., October 15, 2000; 165(8): 4731 - 4741.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cancer Res.Home page
H. Kobayashi, M. Wood, Y. Song, E. Appella, and E. Celis
Defining Promiscuous MHC Class II Helper T-Cell Epitopes for the HER2/neu Tumor Antigen
Cancer Res., September 1, 2000; 60(18): 5228 - 5236.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Int ImmunolHome page
R. G. Phelps, V. Jones, A. N. Turner, and A. J. Rees
Properties of HLA class II molecules divergently associated with Goodpasture's disease
Int. Immunol., August 1, 2000; 12(8): 1135 - 1143.
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J. Immunol.Home page
D. L. Doolan, S. Southwood, R. Chesnut, E. Appella, E. Gomez, A. Richards, Y. I. Higashimoto, A. Maewal, J. Sidney, R. A. Gramzinski, et al.
HLA-DR-Promiscuous T Cell Epitopes from Plasmodium falciparum Pre-Erythrocytic-Stage Antigens Restricted by Multiple HLA Class II Alleles
J. Immunol., July 15, 2000; 165(2): 1123 - 1137.
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J. Immunol.Home page
G. Zeng, C. E. Touloukian, X. Wang, N. P. Restifo, S. A. Rosenberg, and R.-F. Wang
Identification of CD4+ T Cell Epitopes from NY-ESO-1 Presented by HLA-DR Molecules
J. Immunol., July 15, 2000; 165(2): 1153 - 1159.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
C. E. Touloukian, W. W. Leitner, S. L. Topalian, Y. F. Li, P. F. Robbins, S. A. Rosenberg, and N. P. Restifo
Identification of a MHC Class II-Restricted Human gp100 Epitope Using DR4-IE Transgenic Mice
J. Immunol., April 1, 2000; 164(7): 3535 - 3542.
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J. Immunol.Home page
C. Texier, S. Pouvelle, M. Busson, M. Herve, D. Charron, A. Menez, and B. Maillere
HLA-DR Restricted Peptide Candidates for Bee Venom Immunotherapy
J. Immunol., March 15, 2000; 164(6): 3177 - 3184.
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Int ImmunolHome page
E. Rajnavolgyi, N. Nagy, B. Thuresson, Z. Dosztanyi, A. Simon, I. Simon, R. W. Karr, I. Ernberg, E. Klein, and K. I. Falk
A repetitive sequence of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 6 comprises overlapping T cell epitopes which induce HLA-DR-restricted CD4+ T lymphocytes
Int. Immunol., March 1, 2000; 12(3): 281 - 293.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
H. M. Zarour, J. M. Kirkwood, L. S. Kierstead, W. Herr, V. Brusic, C. L. Slingluff Jr., J. Sidney, A. Sette, and W. J. Storkus
Melan-A/MART-151-73 represents an immunogenic HLA-DR4-restricted epitope recognized by melanoma-reactive CD4+ T cells
PNAS, January 4, 2000; 97(1): 400 - 405.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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ASH Education BookHome page
J. A. Zaia, J.G. P. Sissons, S. Riddell, D. J. Diamond, M.R. Wills, A.J. Carmichael, M.P. Weekes, M. Gandhi, C. La Rosa, M. Villacres, et al.
Status of Cytomegalovirus Prevention and Treatment in 2000
Hematology, January 1, 2000; 2000(1): 339 - 355.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int ImmunolHome page
K. L. de Graaf, R. Weissert, P. Kjellen, R. Holmdahl, and T. Olsson
Allelic variations in rat MHC class II binding of myelin basic protein peptides correlate with encephalitogenicity
Int. Immunol., December 1, 1999; 11(12): 1981 - 1988.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
L. Frasca, P. Del Porto, L. Tuosto, B. Marinari, C. Scotta, M. Carbonari, A. Nicosia, and E. Piccolella
Hypervariable Region 1 Variants Act as TCR Antagonists for Hepatitis C Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells
J. Immunol., July 15, 1999; 163(2): 650 - 658.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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ScienceHome page
R. Wang, X. Wang, A. C. Atwood, S. L. Topalian, and S. A. Rosenberg
Cloning Genes Encoding MHC Class II-Restricted Antigens: Mutated CDC27 as a Tumor Antigen
Science, May 21, 1999; 284(5418): 1351 - 1354.
[Abstract] [Full Text]




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