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The Phagocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
Department of General and Marine Microbiology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden; and
Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
Binding of ligands to N-formyl peptide chemoattractant receptors exposed on human neutrophils generates signals in the cells that induce an activation of the superoxide anion producing NADPH-oxidase. Ligand binding is followed by a rapid association of the ligand-receptor complex with the cytoskeleton, a process leading to desensitization of the cells with respect to NADPH-oxidase activation. We show that neutrophils that have experienced an intracellular calcium rise obtained through interaction with the calcium-specific ionophore ionomycin are "primed" with respect to the FMLP-induced production of superoxide anions. Mobilization of FMLP receptors from intracellular pools is one well-known mechanism behind the primed response. Based on our finding that ionomycin-treated neutrophils could not be desensitized, we suggest that the lack of association between the ligand-receptor complex and the cytoskeleton is an additional priming mechanism. Since in vivo-exudated neutrophils, which also had mobilized intracellular organelles, could be desensitized, we suggest that the abolished desensitization in ionomycin-treated neutrophils is not due to an inability of newly recruited receptors to couple to the cytoskeleton. We show that a rapid termination of FMLP-induced superoxide anion production is obtained in both desensitizable and nondesensitizable neutrophils, suggesting that the desensitization phenomenon is of limited importance in the oxidase termination process.
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