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C1qR_P, the C1q Receptor That Enhances Phagocytosis, Is Detected Specifically in Human Cells of Myeloid Lineage, Endothelial Cells, and Platelets¹

Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697

The complement component C1q can interact with a variety of different cells, resulting in multiple functional consequences depending on the cell type. mAbs R3 and R139, which recognize a 126,000 M_r (reduced) cell surface protein, are able to abrogate the C1q-mediated enhancement of monocyte phagocytosis. The cDNA encoding this C1q receptor that modulates phagocytosis, C1qR_P, has recently been cloned. Using a DNA probe based on the coding region of the receptor, Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis of RNA isolated from different cell types showed C1qR_P expression in cells of myeloid origin and in endothelial cells, but not in cells of lymphoid origin nor in the HeLa epithelial-like cell line or iliac artery smooth muscle cells. FACS analysis of cell surface expression of C1qR_P, as detected by mAb R139 and R3, corresponded in all cases to the mRNA levels detected. Using the anti-C1qR_P mAb, the 126,000 M_r receptor was also detected in lysates of human platelets. Interestingly, C1qR_P is not expressed by the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60, and differentiation of these cells with various chemical compounds did not induce C1qR_P expression. It has been reported that C1q can induce specific receptor-mediated responses in fibroblasts. However, RNA and cell surface expression analysis for C1qR_P indicate that this particular C1q receptor is not expressed by either human gingival or human skin fibroblasts. These data demonstrate selective expression of C1qR_P in specific cell types and support the hypothesis that there is more than one C1q receptor mediating the diverse responses triggered by C1q.

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