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-Inducing Factor/IL-18 Administration Mediates IFN-
- and IL-12-Independent Antitumor Effects1




Departments of
*
Surgery and
Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213;
Division of Host Defenses, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo; and
§
Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Okayama, Japan
We evaluated the mechanism of the antitumor effects of mouse
rIFN-
-inducing factor/IL-18 protein on the growth of mouse tumor
cell lines in vivo. Mice received IL-18 before or after challenge with
CL8-1, a mouse melanoma cell line. Both regimens significantly
suppressed tumor growth and reduced the number of mice with growth of
tumor from 60% (3/5) to 20% (1/5). Furthermore, IL-18 administered
before and after tumor inoculation completely abrogated the
establishment of CL8-1 in all animals. IL-18 administration also
significantly suppressed the growth of MCA205, a sarcoma cell line,
even when treatment was delayed to 7 days following tumor inoculation.
Although IL-18/IL-12 combination therapy had the most significant and
immediate antitumor effects, many mice so treated succumbed with
markedly elevated serum IFN-
levels. The antitumor effects of IL-18
were abrogated almost completely when NK cells were eliminated using
anti-asialo GM1 Ab administration, but only marginally impaired in
IFN-
or IL-12 gene-disrupted mice. Immunohistochemical staining
revealed that the number of the CD8+ T cells, but not
CD4+ T cells, found at the tumor site was reduced in
animals treated with IL-18. These results indicate that IL-18 has
potent antitumor effects mediated by CD4+ T cells and NK
cells, but in IFN-
- and IL-12-independent pathways.
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