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The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 160: 1666-1676.
Copyright © 1998 by The American Association of Immunologists

The Cytokine Profile Expressed by Human Dendritic Cells Is Dependent on Cell Subtype and Mode of Activation1

Blandine de Saint-Vis, Isabelle Fugier-Vivier, Catherine Massacrier, Claude Gaillard, Béatrice Vanbervliet, Smina Aït-Yahia, Jacques Banchereau2, Yong-Jun Liu, Serge Lebecque and Christophe Caux3

Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, Dardilly, France

In the present study, we have analyzed the pattern of cytokines expressed by two independent dendritic cell (DC) subpopulations generated in vitro from human cord blood CD34+ progenitors cultured with granulocyte-macrophage CSF and TNF-{alpha}. Molecularly, we confirmed the phenotypic differences discriminating the two subsets: E-cadherin mRNA was only detected in CD1a+-derived DC, whereas CD68 and factor XIIIa mRNAs were observed exclusively in CD14+-derived DC. Semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR analysis revealed that both DC subpopulations spontaneously expressed IL-1{alpha}, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12 (p35 and p40), IL-15, IL-18, TNF-{alpha}, TGF-ß, macrophage CSF, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF, but not IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IFN-{gamma} transcripts. Both subpopulations were shown to secrete IL-12 after CD40 triggering. Interestingly, only the CD14+-derived DC secreted IL-10 after CD40 activation, strengthening the notion that the two DC subpopulations indeed represent two independent pathways of DC development. Furthermore, both DC subpopulations expressed IL-13 mRNA and protein following activation with PMA-ionomycin, but not with CD40 ligand, in contrast to IL-12 and IL-10, revealing the existence of different pathways for DC activation. Finally, we confirmed the expression of IL-7, IL-10, and IL-13 mRNA by CD4+CD11c+CD3- DC isolated ex vivo from tonsillar germinal centers. Thus, CD14+-derived DC expressing IL-10 and factor XIIIa seemed more closely related to germinal center dendritic cellsGCDC than to Langerhans cells.




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Infect. Immun.Home page
M. Ulanova, A. Tarkowski, M. Hahn-Zoric, and L. A. Hanson
The Common Vaccine Adjuvant Aluminum Hydroxide Up-Regulates Accessory Properties of Human Monocytes via an Interleukin-4-Dependent Mechanism
Infect. Immun., February 1, 2001; 69(2): 1151 - 1159.
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J. Immunol.Home page
Y. Yu, M. Hagihara, K. Ando, B. Gansuvd, H. Matsuzawa, T. Tsuchiya, Y. Ueda, H. Inoue, T. Hotta, and S. Kato
Enhancement of Human Cord Blood CD34+ Cell-Derived NK Cell Cytotoxicity by Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., February 1, 2001; 166(3): 1590 - 1600.
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J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
C. Schmitt, H. Fohrer, S. Beaudet, P. Palmer, M.-J. Alpha, B. Canque, J. C. Gluckman, and A. H. Dalloul
Identification of mature and immature human thymic dendritic cells that differentially express HLA-DR and interleukin-3 receptor in vivo
J. Leukoc. Biol., December 1, 2000; 68(6): 836 - 844.
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BloodHome page
B. Canque, S. Camus, A. Dalloul, E. Kahn, M. Yagello, C. Dezutter-Dambuyant, D. Schmitt, C. Schmitt, and J. C. Gluckman
Characterization of dendritic cell differentiation pathways from cord blood CD34+CD7+CD45RA+ hematopoietic progenitor cells
Blood, December 1, 2000; 96(12): 3748 - 3756.
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J. Immunol.Home page
S. Thoma-Uszynski, S. M. Kiertscher, M. T. Ochoa, D. A. Bouis, M. V. Norgard, K. Miyake, P. J. Godowski, M. D. Roth, and R. L. Modlin
Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 on Human Dendritic Cells Triggers Induction of IL-12, But Not IL-10
J. Immunol., October 1, 2000; 165(7): 3804 - 3810.
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J. Immunol.Home page
C. Soulas, T. Baussant, J.-P. Aubry, Y. Delneste, N. Barillat, G. Caron, T. Renno, J.-Y. Bonnefoy, and P. Jeannin
Cutting Edge: Outer Membrane Protein A (OmpA) Binds to and Activates Human Macrophages
J. Immunol., September 1, 2000; 165(5): 2335 - 2340.
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Cancer Res.Home page
P. Brossart, A. Zobywalski, F. Grünebach, L. Behnke, G. Stuhler, V. L. Reichardt, L. Kanz, and W. Brugger
Tumor Necrosis Factor {{alpha}} and CD40 Ligand Antagonize the Inhibitory Effects of Interleukin 10 on T-Cell Stimulatory Capacity of Dendritic Cells
Cancer Res., August 1, 2000; 60(16): 4485 - 4492.
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J. Immunol.Home page
E. Riedl, J. Stockl, O. Majdic, C. Scheinecker, K. Rappersberger, W. Knapp, and H. Strobl
Functional Involvement of E-Cadherin in TGF-{beta}1-Induced Cell Cluster Formation of In Vitro Developing Human Langerhans-Type Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., August 1, 2000; 165(3): 1381 - 1386.
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J. Immunol.Home page
P. Jourdan, J.-P. Vendrell, M.-F. Huguet, M. Segondy, J. Bousquet, J. Pene, and H. Yssel
Cytokines and Cell Surface Molecules Independently Induce CXCR4 Expression on CD4+ CCR7+ Human Memory T Cells
J. Immunol., July 15, 2000; 165(2): 716 - 724.
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J. Immunol.Home page
H. Nagayama, K. Sato, H. Kawasaki, M. Enomoto, C. Morimoto, K. Tadokoro, T. Juji, S. Asano, and T. A. Takahashi
IL-12 Responsiveness and Expression of IL-12 Receptor in Human Peripheral Blood Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., July 1, 2000; 165(1): 59 - 66.
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BloodHome page
D. Rea, C. van Kooten, K. E. van Meijgaarden, T. H. M. Ottenhoff, C. J. M. Melief, and R. Offringa
Glucocorticoids transform CD40-triggering of dendritic cells into an alternative activation pathway resulting in antigen-presenting cells that secrete IL-10
Blood, May 15, 2000; 95(10): 3162 - 3167.
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J. Immunol.Home page
C. G. Feng, W. J. Britton, U. Palendira, N. L. Groat, H. Briscoe, and A. G. D. Bean
Up-Regulation of VCAM-1 and Differential Expansion of {beta} Integrin-Expressing T Lymphocytes Are Associated with Immunity to Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
J. Immunol., May 1, 2000; 164(9): 4853 - 4860.
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J. Immunol.Home page
A. Matsukawa, C. M. Hogaboam, N. W. Lukacs, P. M. Lincoln, H. L. Evanoff, R. M. Strieter, and S. L. Kunkel
Expression and Contribution of Endogenous IL-13 in an Experimental Model of Sepsis
J. Immunol., March 1, 2000; 164(5): 2738 - 2744.
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J. Immunol.Home page
B. Johansson, S. Ingvarsson, P. Bjorck, and C. A. K. Borrebaeck
Human Interdigitating Dendritic Cells Induce Isotype Switching and IL-13-Dependent IgM Production in CD40-Activated Naive B Cells
J. Immunol., February 15, 2000; 164(4): 1847 - 1854.
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J. Immunol.Home page
A. Khanna, A. E. Morelli, C. Zhong, T. Takayama, L. Lu, and A. W. Thomson
Effects of Liver-Derived Dendritic Cell Progenitors on Th1- and Th2-Like Cytokine Responses In Vitro and In Vivo
J. Immunol., February 1, 2000; 164(3): 1346 - 1354.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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ASH Education BookHome page
M. Brenner, C. Rossig, U. Sili, J. W. Young, and E. Goulmy
Transfusion Medicine: New Clinical Applications of Cellular Immunotherapy
Hematology, January 1, 2000; 2000(1): 356 - 375.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BloodHome page
A. Galy, I. Christopherson, G. Ferlazzo, G. Liu, H. Spits, and K. Georgopoulos
Distinct signals control the hematopoiesis of lymphoid-related dendritic cells
Blood, January 1, 2000; 95(1): 128 - 137.
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J. Virol.Home page
D. Rea, F. H. E. Schagen, R. C. Hoeben, M. Mehtali, M. J. E. Havenga, R. E. M. Toes, C. J. M. Melief, and R. Offringa
Adenoviruses Activate Human Dendritic Cells without Polarization toward a T-Helper Type 1-Inducing Subset
J. Virol., December 1, 1999; 73(12): 10245 - 10253.
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J. Immunol.Home page
A. Aicher, G. L. Shu, D. Magaletti, T. Mulvania, A. Pezzutto, A. Craxton, and E. A. Clark
Differential Role for p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Regulating CD40-Induced Gene Expression in Dendritic Cells and B Cells
J. Immunol., December 1, 1999; 163(11): 5786 - 5795.
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J. Immunol.Home page
S. Nakagawa, C. W. Koomen, J. D. Bos, and M. B. M. Teunissen
Differential Modulation of Human Epidermal Langerhans Cell Maturation by Ultraviolet B Radiation
J. Immunol., November 15, 1999; 163(10): 5192 - 5200.
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FASEB J.Home page
E. L. NELSON, S. STROBL, J. SUBLESKI, D. PRIETO, W. C. KOPP, and P. J. NELSON
Cycling of human dendritic cell effector phenotypes in response to TNF-{alpha}: modification of the current `maturation' paradigm and implications for in vivo immunoregulation
FASEB J, November 1, 1999; 13(14): 2021 - 2030.
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J. Immunol.Home page
S. Jaksits, E. Kriehuber, A. S. Charbonnier, K. Rappersberger, G. Stingl, and D. Maurer
CD34+ Cell-Derived CD14+ Precursor Cells Develop into Langerhans Cells in a TGF-{beta}1-Dependent Manner
J. Immunol., November 1, 1999; 163(9): 4869 - 4877.
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J. Immunol.Home page
S. Corinti, D. Medaglini, A. Cavani, M. Rescigno, G. Pozzi, P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli, and G. Girolomoni
Human Dendritic Cells Very Efficiently Present a Heterologous Antigen Expressed on the Surface of Recombinant Gram-Positive Bacteria to CD4+ T Lymphocytes
J. Immunol., September 15, 1999; 163(6): 3029 - 3036.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
Y. Delneste, N. Herbault, B. Galea, G. Magistrelli, I. Bazin, J.-Y. Bonnefoy, and P. Jeannin
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Synergizes with TNF-{alpha} in Inducing Human Dendritic Cell Maturation
J. Immunol., September 15, 1999; 163(6): 3071 - 3075.
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Int ImmunolHome page
R. Sacedon, A. Vicente, A. Varas, E. Jimenez, J. J. Munoz, and A. G. Zapata
Glucocorticoid-mediated regulation of thymic dendritic cell function
Int. Immunol., August 1, 1999; 11(8): 1217 - 1224.
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J. Immunol.Home page
C. Chougnet, S. S. Cohen, T. Kawamura, A. L. Landay, H. A. Kessler, E. Thomas, A. Blauvelt, and G. M. Shearer
Normal Immune Function of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells from HIV-Infected Individuals: Implications for Immunotherapy
J. Immunol., August 1, 1999; 163(3): 1666 - 1673.
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J. Immunol.Home page
S. Corinti, E. Fanales-Belasio, C. Albanesi, A. Cavani, P. Angelisova, and G. Girolomoni
Cross-Linking of Membrane CD43 Mediates Dendritic Cell Maturation
J. Immunol., June 1, 1999; 162(11): 6331 - 6336.
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BloodHome page
B. Canque, Y. Bakri, S. Camus, M. Yagello, A. Benjouad, and J. C. Gluckman
The Susceptibility to X4 and R5 Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Strains of Dendritic Cells Derived In Vitro From CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Is Primarily Determined by Their Maturation Stage
Blood, June 1, 1999; 93(11): 3866 - 3875.
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J. Immunol.Home page
F. Geissmann, P. Revy, A. Regnault, Y. Lepelletier, M. Dy, N. Brousse, S. Amigorena, O. Hermine, and A. Durandy
TGF-{beta}1 Prevents the Noncognate Maturation of Human Dendritic Langerhans Cells
J. Immunol., April 15, 1999; 162(8): 4567 - 4575.
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J. Immunol.Home page
P. Kalinski, J. H. N. Schuitemaker, C. M. U. Hilkens, E. A. Wierenga, and M. L. Kapsenberg
Final Maturation of Dendritic Cells Is Associated with Impaired Responsiveness to IFN-{gamma} and to Bacterial IL-12 Inducers: Decreased Ability of Mature Dendritic Cells to Produce IL-12 During the Interaction with Th Cells
J. Immunol., March 15, 1999; 162(6): 3231 - 3236.
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J. Immunol.Home page
B. Dubois, C. Barthelemy, I. Durand, Y.-J. Liu, C. Caux, and F. Briere
Toward a Role of Dendritic Cells in the Germinal Center Reaction: Triggering of B Cell Proliferation and Isotype Switching
J. Immunol., March 15, 1999; 162(6): 3428 - 3436.
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J. Immunol.Home page
R. Josien, B. R. Wong, H.-L. Li, R. M. Steinman, and Y. Choi
TRANCE, a TNF Family Member, Is Differentially Expressed on T Cell Subsets and Induces Cytokine Production in Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., March 1, 1999; 162(5): 2562 - 2568.
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JEMHome page
P. A. Stumbles, J. A. Thomas, C. L. Pimm, P. T. Lee, T. J. Venaille, S. Proksch, and P. G. Holt
Resting Respiratory Tract Dendritic Cells Preferentially Stimulate T Helper Cell Type 2 (Th2) Responses and Require Obligatory Cytokine Signals for Induction of  Th1 Immunity
J. Exp. Med., December 7, 1998; 188(11): 2019 - 2031.
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J. Immunol.Home page
B. Dubois, C. Massacrier, B. Vanbervliet, J. Fayette, F. Briere, J. Banchereau, and C. Caux
Critical Role of IL-12 in Dendritic Cell-Induced Differentiation of Naive B Lymphocytes
J. Immunol., September 1, 1998; 161(5): 2223 - 2231.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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