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The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
Although they share
88% of their genome with NOD mice including
the H2g7 haplotype, NOR mice remain free of T
cell-mediated autoimmune diabetes (IDDM), due to non-MHC genes of
C57BLKS/J (BKS) origin. NOR IDDM resistance was previously found to be
largely controlled by the Idd13 locus within an
24 cM
segment on Chromosome 2 encompassing BKS-derived alleles for
H3a, B2m, Il1, and
Pcna. NOD stocks carrying subcongenic intervals of NOR
Chromosome 2 were utilized to more finely map and determine possible
functions of Idd13. NOR- derived H3a-Il1
(
6.0 cM) and Il1-Pcna (
1.2 cM) intervals both
contribute components of IDDM resistance. Hence, the Idd13
locus is more complex than originally thought, since it consists of at
least two genes. B2m variants within the
H3a-Il1 interval may represent one of these. Monoclonal Ab
binding demonstrated that dimerizing with the
ß2ma (NOD type) vs
ß2mb isoform (NOR type) alters the structural
conformation, but not total expression levels of H2g7 class
I molecules (e.g. Kd, Db).
ß2m-induced alterations in H2g7 class I
conformation may partially explain findings from bone marrow chimera
analyses that Idd13 modulates IDDM development at the level
of non-hematopoietically derived cell types controlling selection of
diabetogenic T cells and/or pancreatic ß cells targeted by these
effectors. Since trans-interactions between relatively
common and functionally normal allelic variants may contribute to IDDM
in NOD mice, the search for Idd genes in humans should not
be limited to functionally defective variants.
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