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- and ß-Chemokine Expression in the Central Nervous System During Mouse Hepatitis Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease1
Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
Infection of C57BL/6 mice with the V5A13.1 strain of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-V5A13.1) results in an acute encephalomyelitis and chronic demyelinating disease with features similar to the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. Chemokines are a family of proinflammatory cytokines associated with inflammatory pathology in various diseases. The kinetics and histologic localization of chemokine production in the central nervous system of MHV-infected mice were examined to identify chemokines that contribute to inflammation and demyelination. Transcripts for the chemokines cytokine-response gene-2 (CRG-2), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage-chemoattractant protein-1 and protein-3 (MCP-1, MCP-3), macrophage-inflammatory protein-1ß (MIP-1ß), and MIP-2 were detected in the brains of MHV-infected mice at 3 days postinfection (p.i.), and these transcripts were increased markedly in brains and spinal cords at day 7 p.i., which coincides with the occurrence of acute viral encephalomyelitis. By day 35 p.i., RANTES, CRG-2, and MIP-1ß were detected in brains and spinal cords of mice with chronic demyelination. CRG-2 mRNA expression colocalized with viral RNA and was associated with demyelinating lesions. Astrocytes were the predominant cell type expressing CRG-2 mRNA. These observations suggest a role for chemokines, notably CRG-2, in the initiation and maintenance of an inflammatory response following infection with MHV, which is important in contributing to demyelination.
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J. M. Redwine, M. J. Buchmeier, and C. F. Evans In Vivo Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules on Oligodendrocytes and Neurons during Viral Infection Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2001; 159(4): 1219 - 1224. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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V. C. Asensio, J. Maier, R. Milner, K. Boztug, C. Kincaid, M. Moulard, C. Phillipson, K. Lindsley, T. Krucker, H. S. Fox, et al. Interferon-Independent, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120-Mediated Induction of CXCL10/IP-10 Gene Expression by Astrocytes In Vivo and In Vitro J. Virol., August 1, 2001; 75(15): 7067 - 7077. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 C. V. Ramana, M. P. Gil, Y. Han, R. M. Ransohoff, R. D. Schreiber, and G. R. Stark Stat1-independent regulation of gene expression in response to IFN-gamma PNAS, June 5, 2001; 98(12): 6674 - 6679. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Askovic, C. Favara, F. J. McAtee, and J. L. Portis Increased Expression of MIP-1{alpha} and MIP-1{beta} mRNAs in the Brain Correlates Spatially and Temporally with the Spongiform Neurodegeneration Induced by a Murine Oncornavirus J. Virol., March 15, 2001; 75(6): 2665 - 2674. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J.-W. Oh, K. Drabik, O. Kutsch, C. Choi, A. Tousson, and E. N. Benveniste CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 Expression and Function in Human Astroglioma Cells J. Immunol., February 15, 2001; 166(4): 2695 - 2704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. T. Liu, D. Armstrong, T. A. Hamilton, and T. E. Lane Expression of Mig (Monokine Induced by Interferon-{{gamma}}) Is Important in T Lymphocyte Recruitment and Host Defense Following Viral Infection of the Central Nervous System J. Immunol., February 1, 2001; 166(3): 1790 - 1795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Arbour, R. Day, J. Newcombe, and P. J. Talbot Neuroinvasion by Human Respiratory Coronaviruses J. Virol., October 1, 2000; 74(19): 8913 - 8921. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. Sauder, W. Hallensleben, A. Pagenstecher, S. Schneckenburger, L. Biro, D. Pertlik, J. Hausmann, M. Suter, and P. Staeheli Chemokine Gene Expression in Astrocytes of Borna Disease Virus-Infected Rats and Mice in the Absence of Inflammation J. Virol., October 1, 2000; 74(19): 9267 - 9280. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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N. W. Marten, S. A. Stohlman, and C. C. Bergmann Role of Viral Persistence in Retaining CD8+ T Cells within the Central Nervous System J. Virol., September 1, 2000; 74(17): 7903 - 7910. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. T. Liu, B. P. Chen, P. Oertel, M. J. Buchmeier, D. Armstrong, T. A. Hamilton, and T. E. Lane Cutting Edge: The T Cell Chemoattractant IFN-Inducible Protein 10 Is Essential in Host Defense Against Viral-Induced Neurologic Disease J. Immunol., September 1, 2000; 165(5): 2327 - 2330. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. E. Lane, M. T. Liu, B. P. Chen, V. C. Asensio, R. M. Samawi, A. D. Paoletti, I. L. Campbell, S. L. Kunkel, H. S. Fox, and M. J. Buchmeier A Central Role for CD4+ T Cells and RANTES in Virus-Induced Central Nervous System Inflammation and Demyelination J. Virol., February 1, 2000; 74(3): 1415 - 1424. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. F. Wu and S. Perlman Macrophage Infiltration, but Not Apoptosis, Is Correlated with Immune-Mediated Demyelination following Murine Infection with a Neurotropic Coronavirus J. Virol., October 1, 1999; 73(10): 8771 - 8780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. C. Asensio, S. Lassmann, A. Pagenstecher, S. C. Steffensen, S. J. Henriksen, and I. L. Campbell C10 Is a Novel Chemokine Expressed in Experimental Inflammatory Demyelinating Disorders that Promotes Recruitment of Macrophages to the Central Nervous System Am. J. Pathol., April 1, 1999; 154(4): 1181 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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