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*
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205;
College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267;
Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
Allergic asthma is thought to be mediated by CD4+ T
lymphocytes producing the Th2-associated cytokines, IL-4, and IL-5.
Recently, the costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2, which are
expressed on the surface of APC, have been suggested to influence the
development of Th1 vs Th2 immune responses. We examined the in vivo
role of these costimulatory molecules in the pathogenesis of
Th2-mediated allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine
model of asthma. In this model, OVA-sensitized A/J mice develop
significant increases in airway responsiveness, pulmonary eosinophilia,
and pulmonary Th2 cytokine expression following aspiration challenge
with OVA as compared with PBS-control animals. Strikingly,
administration of anti-B7-2 mAb to OVA-treated mice abolished
allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, pulmonary eosinophilia,
and elevations in serum IgG1 and IgE levels. Anti-B7-2 treatment of
OVA-treated mice reduced both total lung IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA and
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid IL-4 and IL-5 protein levels, with no
significant changes in IFN-
message or protein levels. In contrast,
treatment with anti-B7-1 mAbs had no effect on allergen-induced
airway hyperresponsiveness, IgE production, or cytokine production,
however, it significantly suppressed pulmonary eosinophilia. We
conclude that B7-2 provides the necessary costimulatory signal required
for the development of in vivo allergic responses to inhaled allergen
exposure.
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