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Departments of Immunology and Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Previous studies have discerned two forms of polymeric mouse IgM:
moderately cytolytic (complement-activating) pentamer, which contains J
chain, and highly cytolytic hexamer, which lacks J chain. To
investigate the relationships among polymeric structure, J chain
content, and cytolytic activity, we produced IgM in J chain-deficient
and J chain-proficient mouse hybridoma cell lines. Both hexamer and
pentamer were produced in the absence as well as the presence of J
chain. Hexameric IgM activated (guinea pig) complement approximately
100-fold more efficiently than did J chain-deficient pentamer, which,
in turn, was more active than J chain-containing pentamer. These
results are consistent with the hypothesis that J chain-containing
pentamer cannot activate complement. We also analyzed the structure of
IgM-S337, in which the µ-chain bears the C337S substitution. Like
normal IgM, IgM-S337 was formed as a hexamer and as both J chain
deficient- and J chain-containing pentamers. Unlike normal IgM,
IgM-S337 dissociated in SDS into various subunits. For IgM-S337
pentamer, the predominant subunits migrated as µ2
2 and µ44,
and the subunit distribution was unaltered by J chain. However, J chain
was found only in the µ22 species, suggesting that some
arrangement of inter-µ bonds directs incorporation of J chain.
IgM-S337 hexamer also dissociated to µ22 and µ44, but also
yielded several species migrating much more slowly in SDS-PAGE than
wild-type µ1212. To account for these forms, we propose that each
µ-chain can interact with three other µ-chains and that some
hexameric molecules contain two catenated µ66 circles.
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