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*
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298
Lymphocyte activation is often accompanied by changes in cell morphology, for example, in cell adhesion or motility. IL-4 is a cytokine exerting many effects on B lymphocytes. In this study, we show that stimulation with LPS in combination with IL-4, but not LPS or IL-4 alone, results in a pronounced dendritic morphology of B cells. Using a culture system in which Abs directed to B cell surface markers are immobilized on the tissue culture plastic, we find that cell spreading can be mediated by a variety of Abs, including anti-CD44, -CD23, -LFA-1, -VLA-4, -ICAM-1, and -Ig. B cells stimulated with anti-Ig Abs plus IL-4, or anti-CD40 Abs in the presence or absence of IL-4, are also induced to spread, while IL-2, IL-5, or IL-10 in combination with LPS or alone fail to induce this. Spreading correlates with induction of tight cell aggregation. It is sensitive to cytochalasin B, indicating a requirement for intact actin cytoskeleton. CD44 is selectively detected in the detergent-insoluble fraction of cell lysates prepared from LPS plus IL-4-stimulated B cell cultures after Ab cross-linking of CD44, suggesting a membrane protein-cytoskeleton interaction. Interestingly, electron microscopy studies reveal induction of microvilli-like structures on LPS plus IL-4-stimulated blasts, suggesting that IL-4 can influence cell morphology on an ultra-structural level. In summary, our data show that stimulation with LPS plus IL-4 or ligation of CD40 is capable of inducing dramatic morphologic changes in murine B cells, which correlates with in vitro induction of strong cell adhesion.
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