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Department of Molecular Biology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
Differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells (Th0) into
Th1 or Th2 cells determines whether antigen will raise a cellular or a
humoral immune response. The maturation pathway chosen by the Th0 cell
is often decisive for the outcome of disease and depends among others
on the (co-)stimulatory attributes of the APC and the nature and
abundance of cytokines provided by the APC and the microenvironment. In
this study, we used macrophages, loaded ex vivo with antigen, for
inciting Th0 activation and differentiation in vivo. The macrophages
were derived from a clonal, immortalized population that both
functionally and phenotypically expressed features characteristic of
mature macrophages. Injection into syngeneic mice of IFN-
-treated,
Ag-loaded macrophages induced a primary T cell response, indicated by
the occurrence of a proliferative response in vitro after restimulation
of splenocytes with Ag. Analysis of the accompanying cytokine secretion
revealed high numbers of IFN-
-producing Th1 cells and only a few
IL-4-secreting Th2 cells. This dominance of Th1 cells had functional
implications, reflected in the high titer of Th1 cell-dependent IgG2
Abs and the absence of IgG1, characteristic of humoral immunity.
Moreover, administration of Ag-loaded macrophages to mice with an
ongoing Th1/Th2 response resulted in a complete suppression of IgG1
production, whereas IgG2 levels remained unaffected. These results
demonstrate that macrophages exert APC activity in the organism,
strongly skew primary responses to cellular immunity, and in addition
suppress an already generated Th2-dependent humoral response, thus
characterizing these cells as Th1-oriented APC.
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